Abstract
In examining the hydrodynamic performance of artificial heart valves in vitro, experiments are carried out under either steady or pulsatile flow conditions. Steady flow experiments are simple to set up and analysis of the data is also simple; however, their validity and accuracy have been questioned. In this study, the flow characteristics of jellyfish valves are evaluated and analyzed for steady and pulsatile flow conditions. The analysis is given in terms of velocity and shear stress distributions for a cardiac flow rate of 4.5l/min, and the corresponding steady flow rate is measured at two locations, 0.5D and 1D downstream of the valve face (D being the diameter of the pipe). At the 0.5D location, the velocity profile results obtained for both flow conditions indicated that jetting flow occurred close to the wall, and flow reversal as well as stagnation zones occurred in the core of the valve chamber. These phenomena were also evident in the shear stress profiles for both pulsatile and steady flow conditions. At this location, the maximum difference between the steady and pulsatile values of peak velocity is about 18%. However, the maximum difference between the peak shear stresses was in the range of 5%–7%. At the 1D location, the flow characteristics observed under both the pulsatile and steady flow conditions were almost identical, with a maximum difference between the peak values of less than 4%. From the data presented here, it can be stated that, at least in the initial optimization of the valve hemodynamic performance, the steady hydrodynamic evaluation of the valve could be an effective tool for analyzing the flow characteristics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hufnagel CA, Harvey WP, Rabil PJ, McDermott, TF. Surgical correction of aortic insufficiency. Surgery 1954;35:673–683
Bluestein M, Mockros LF. Haemolytic effects of energy dissipation in flowing blood. Med Biol Eng Comput 1969;7:1–16
Yoganathan AP, Reamer HH, Corcoran WH, Harrison EC, Shulman IA, Parnassus W. The Starr-Edwards aortic ball valve: flow characteristics, thrombus formation and tissue overgrowth. Artif Organs 1981;5:6–17
Einav S, Stolero D, Avidor JM, Elad D, Talbot L. LDA evaluation of wall shear stress distribution along the cusp of a tri-leaflet prosthetic heart valve. Proc 4th Int Symp on Application of Laser Anemometry to Fluid Mechanics. Lisbon, Portugal: 1988;7.21.1–3
Baldwin JT, Tarbell JM. Mean velocities and Reynolds stresses within regurgitant jets produced by tilting disc valves. Trans Am Soc Artif Int Organs 1991;37:M348-M349
Einav S, Reul H, Rau G, Elad D. Shear stress related blood damage along the cusp of a tri-leaflet prosthetic valve. Int J Artif Organs 1991;14:716–720
Chandran KB, Yearwood TLP. Pulsatile flow experiments on heart valve prosthesis. J Med Biol Eng Comput 1983;21:529–537
Chandran KB, Cabell GN. Pulsatile flow past aortic valve bioprostheses in a model of human aorta. J Biomech 1984;17:609–619
Hasenkam JM, Nygaard H, Giersiepen M, Reul H, Stodkilde-Jorgensen H. Turbulent stress measurements downstream of six mechanical aortic valves in a pulsatile flow model. J Biomech 1988;21:631–645
Umezu M, Nugent AH, Ye C-X, Chang VP. Hydrodynamic performance of the St. Vincent valve: its suitability for use in artifical hearts. In: Bodnar A, (ed) Surgery for heart disease. London: London University Press, 1988:540–547
Baldwin JT, Tarbell JM. Mean velocities and Reynolds stresses within regurgitant jets produced by tilting disc valves. Trans Am Soc Artif Int Organs 1991;37:M348-M349
Teijeira FJ, Mikhail AA. Cardiac valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis: current status and trends. In: Hwang et al. (eds) Advances in cardiovascular engineering. New York: Plenum 1992;197–226
Lei M, van Steenhoven AA, van Campen DH. Experimental and numerical analyses of the steady flow field around an aortic Bjork-Shiley standard valve prosthesis. J Biomech 1992;25:213–222
Jones KC, Tansley CD, Mazumdar J. Computational fluid mechanical evaluation of steady-flow energy losses in cardiac valve prostheses. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 1992;15:193–201
Imachi K, Mabuchi K, Chinzei T, Abe Y, Imanishi K, Yonezawa T, Macda K. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a jellyfish valve for practical use. Trans Am Soc Artif Int Organs 1989;35:298–301
Sakhaeimanesh AA, Morsi YS. Analysis of regurgitation, mean systolic pressure drop and energy losses for two artificial aortic valves. J Med Eng Tech 1999;22:63–68
Morsi YS, Kogure M, Umezu M. In vitro laser Doppler anemometry of pulsatile flow velocity and shear stress measurements down-stream from a jellyfish valve in the mitral position of a ventricular assist device. J Artif Organs 1999;2:62–73
Morsi YS, Kogure M, Umezu M. Relative blood damage index for the jellyfish valves and the Bjork-Shiley tilting-disk valve. J Artif Organs 1999;2:163–169
Morsi YS, Sakhaeimanesh AA. Hydrodynamic evaluation of three artificial aortic valve chambers. Artif Organs 2000;24:57–63
Morsi YS, Sakhaeimanesh AA, Clayton BR. Measurements of steady flow velocity and turbulent stress downstream from jellyfish and St. Vincent aortic heart valves. Artif Organs 1999;2:176–183
Akutsu T, Winona F, Modi VJ. Steady and pulsatile flow field comparison of several prosthetic heart valves inside the simulated left ventricle using two-component LDA system. Waseda International Congress of Modelling and Simulation Technology for Artificial Organs. Tokyo: Shinjuku 1996, August 1–3
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Morsi, Y.S. In vitro comparison of steady and pulsatile flow characteristics of jellyfish heart valve. J Artif Organs 3, 143–148 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02479981
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02479981