Skip to main content
Log in

Chloride penetration into concrete in marine environment-Part II: Prediction of long term chloride penetration

  • Scientific Reports
  • Published:
Materials and Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The development of chloride penetration models is essential for the assessment of the service life of concrete structures exposed to marine environment. Simple models derived from Fick's second law of diffusion are at present the best way to predict the chloride penetration in practical situations. However these models need to be calibrated with experimental results. This paper presents an experimental study where the parameters used in the penetration model were calibrated to allow the prediction of long term chloride content in concrete. The results showed that both the concrete cover and concrete quality requirements stated in the present codes need to be increased so that an acceptable service life can be achieved.

Résumé

Le développement de modèles sur la pénétration des chlorures est fondamental pour évaluer la période de service des structures en béton soumises à l'environnement marin. Des modèles simples dérivés de la seconde loi de diffusion de Fick sont la meilleure façon d'évaluer la pénétration des chlorures dans les constructions. Mais ces modèles doivent être calibrés avec des résultats expérimentaux. Cette étude présente les résultats d'une recherche expérimentale qui a permis la calibration des paramètres qui sont utilisés dans l'estimation à long terme de la pénétration des chlorures dans le béton. Les résultats ont montré que l'enrobage et la qualité du béton spécifiés dans les normes actuelles doivent être augmentés pour garantir une durée de service acceptable.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tuutti, K., ‘Corrosion of steel in concrete’, (Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute, Stockolom, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Browne, R. D., ‘Mechanisms of corrosion of steel in concrete in relation to design, inspection, and repair of offshore and coastal structures’, in ACI SP-65, Proceedings of the International Conference on Performance of Concrete in Marine Environment, St. Andrews by-the-sea, Canada, 1980, 169–203.

  3. Buenfeld, N. R. and Newman, J. B., ‘Examination of the three methods for studying ion diffusion in cement pastes, mortars and concrete’,Mater. Struct. 20 (1987) 3–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Mangat, P. S. and Gurusamy, K., ‘Chloride diffusion in steel fibre reinforced concrete’,Cem. Concr. Res. 17 (3) (1987) 385–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Mangat, P. S. and Molloy, B. T., ‘Factors influencing chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcement in concrete’,Mater. Struct. 25, (1992) 404–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Mustafa, M. A. and Yusof, K. M., ‘Atmospheric chloride penetration into concrete in semi-tropical marine environment’,Cem. Concr. Res. 24 (4) (1994) 661–670.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Tumidjaski, P. J. and Chan, G. W., ‘Boltzamann-Matano analysis of chloride diffusion into blended cement concrete’,ASCE J. of Mater. in Civil Eng. 8 (4) (1996) 195–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Costa, A. J. and Appleton, J. A., ‘Chloride penetration in marine environment: Part I—Main parameters affecting the penetration’,Mater. Struct. 218 (1999) 252–259.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Mangat, P. S. and Molloy, B. T., ‘Prediction of long term chloride concentration in concrete’,27 (1994) 338–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Maage, M., Helland, S., Poulsen, E., Vennesland, O. and Carlsen, J. E., ‘Service life prediction of existing structures exposed to marine environment’,ACI Mater. J. 93 (6) (1996) 602–608.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Swamy, R. N., Hamada, H. and Laiw, J. C., ‘A critical evaluation of chloride penetration into concrete in marine environment’, in ‘Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Steel in Concrete’, Proceedings of an International Conference, University of Sheffield, England, Jul. 1994, 404–419.

  12. Comité Euro-International du Béton—CEB, ‘Durable Concrete Structures’, CEB Design Guide, Bulletin d'Information No. 182, 2nd Edition, 1989.

  13. ENV 206 (1990): Concrete. Performance, production, placing and compliance criteria.

  14. ENV 1992-1-1 (1991): Eurocode 2. Design of concrete structures. Part I—General rules and rules for buildings.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Costa, A., Appleton, J. Chloride penetration into concrete in marine environment-Part II: Prediction of long term chloride penetration. Mat. Struct. 32, 354–359 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02479627

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02479627

Keywords

Navigation