Abstract
The effect of forest canopy on the chemical composition of throughfall was studied in four forests, two coniferous plantations ofPinus radiata and two deciduous forests (Quercus robur andQ. rubra, respectively) near Bilbao (Bizkaia), Basque Country (Northern Spain) during one year. The study areas are assumed to have different levels of pollution: Manzanal suffers industrial pollution mainly of SO4 2− and N.NO3 −, while Durango has industrial and agricultural pollution mainly of N.NH4 + and SO4 2−.
The study presents data on bulk precipitation and throughfall, and on the quantities of inorganic N (N.NH4 + + N.NO3 −), SO4 2−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and Cl− reaching the forest floor. The nutrient input to the forest floor differed within the four studied sites. The capacity of neutralization of the deposition was better on deciduous forest than on the coniferous. Leaching in association with the canopy washoff were the most significant sources of base cations in deciduous and coniferous throughfall. Despite the pollution levels in Manzanal and Durango no effect on tree leaves were observed during the study period.
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Amezaga, I., Gonzalez Arias, A., Domingo, M. et al. Atmospheric deposition and canopy interactions for conifer and deciduous forests in Northern Spain. Water Air Soil Pollut 97, 303–313 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02407468
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02407468