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Trends in the anatomical organization and functional significance of the mammalian thalamus

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Abstract

The last decade has witnessed major changes in the experimental approach to the study of the thalamus and to the analysis of the anatomical and functional interrelations between thalamic nuclei and cortical areas. The present review focuses on the novel anatomical approaches to thalamo-cortical connections and thalamic functions in the historical framework of the classical studies on the thalamus. In the light of the most recent data it is here discussed that: a) the thalamus can subserve different functions according to functional changes in the cortical and subcortical afferent systems; b) the multifarious thalamic cellular entities play a crucial role in the different functional states.

Sommario

I dati sperimentali degli ultimi decenni hanno determinato una sostanziale revisione della conoscenza dell'organizzazione anatomica e funzionale del talamo e delle interrelazioni fra il talamo e la corteccia cerebrale. La presente revisione dei dati sperimentali à mirata ad una sintesi delle moderne teorie sulle connessioni talamo-corticali e sulle funzioni talamiche e ad un loro inquadramento nella prospettiva storica degli studi sul talamo. In particolare, alla luce dei contributi sperimentali più recenti, viene discusso a) che il talamo possa svolgere diverse funzioni a seconda dello stato funzionale dei sistemi afferenti e b) che le diverse entità cellulari talamiche possano giocare un ruolo cruciale nei diversi stati funzionali.

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Abbreviations

AD:

anterodorsal nucleus

AM:

anteromedial nucleus

AV:

anteroventral nucleus

BRF:

brainstem reticular formation

Caud:

caudate nucleus

CeM:

central medial nucleus

CL:

central lateral nucleus

CM-Pf:

center median-parafascicular complex

IL:

intralaminar nuclei

LD:

laterodorsal nucleus

LGB:

lateral geniculate body

LGd:

dorsal nucleus of LGB

LGN:

lateral geniculate nucleus

LP:

lateroposterior nucleus

MD:

mediodorsal nucleus

MGP:

medial geniculate body

MGd:

dorsal nucleus of MGB

MGmc:

magnocellular division of MGB

MGv:

ventral nucleus of MGB

MIN:

medial interlaminar nucleus

M1:

primary motor cortex

NE:

norepinephrine

Pc:

paracentral nucleus

PGN:

perigeniculate nucleus

PO complex:

posterior complex

Pt:

paratenial nucleus

Pul:

pulvinar

Pv:

paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus

Re:

nucleus reuniens

RET:

retino

Rh:

rhomboid nucleus

Rt, RE, nR:

thalamic reticular nucleus

S1:

primary somatosensory cortex

S1fa:

S1 face representation

S1fp:

S1 forepaw representation

S1hp:

S1 hindpaw representation

Sg:

suprageniculate nucleus

Teg:

tegmentum

VA:

ventral anterior nucleus

VAmc:

magnocellular part of VA

VApc:

parvicellular part of VA

VB:

ventrobasal complex

VC:

visual cortex

VL:

ventrolateral nucleus

VLa:

anterior subdivision of VL (monkey)

VLp:

posterior subdivision of VL (monkey)

VM:

ventromedial nucleus

VP:

ventroposterior complex

VPM:

ventroposteromedial nucleus

V1:

primary visual cortex

V1pe:

V1 retinal periphery representation

V1vm:

V1 retinal vertical meridian representation

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto di Neurologia, Laboratorio di Neurologia Sperimentale, Università Cattolica, Roma

    Macchi G. & Molinari M.

  2. Istituto di Anatomia e Istologia, Università di Verona, Italy

    Bentivoglio M.

  3. Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologische e Psichiatriche, Università di Firenze, Italy

    Minciacchi D.

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The authors' research work quoted in the present manuscript, as well as the manuscript preparation, were supported by grants of the MURST and CNR.

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Macchi, G., Bentivoglio, M., Minciacchi, D. et al. Trends in the anatomical organization and functional significance of the mammalian thalamus. Ital J Neuro Sci 17, 105–129 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02000842

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