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Cefadroxil kinetics in patients with renal insufficiency

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Summary

Kinetic parameters and bioavailability of cefadroxil were studied in 20 subjects with differing renal function as measured by endogenous creatinine clearance (CCr). Two subjects were on hemodialysis. After an overnight fast, each subject ingested two 500-mg capsules of cefadroxil. The peak serum concentration was variable (12 to 57 mg/l) and correlated inversely with the CCr. All but one patient had maximum absorption within 4 hr of ingestion and in most patients the peak was reached within the 2-hr sample. Urinary recovery within 48 hr was 45% to 106% when CCr > 8 ml/min. Even in patients with the most severe renal failure (CCr < 10 ml/min), urine concentrations of cefadroxil were adequate to treat susceptible bacteria. The rate of oral absorption, ka, was not affected by the state of renal function and was 0.76 ± 0.50 hr−1. The apparent distribution volume Vd ext was 0.28 ± 0.09 l/kg. The plasma elimination rate was dependent on CCr with a small fraction of drug being removed by nonrenal routes. Except in advanced renal failure, tubular secretion was present since renal clearance of cefadroxil exceeded CCr. The data suggest that little drug accumulation will occur with the usual 8- to 12-hr dosing schedule except when the CCr is less than 25 ml/min.

Zusammenfassung

Cefadroxil-Kinetik bei Patienten mit Niereninsuffizienz. Die kinetischen Parameter und Bioverfügbarkeit von Cefadroxil wurden an 20 Personen mit unterschiedlicher Nierenfunktion, gemessen an der endogenen Kreatinin-Clearance (Ccr), bestimmt. Zwei Personen standen unter Hämodialyse. Nach Fasten über Nacht nahm jede Person zwei 500-mg-Kapseln Cefadroxil ein. Die Serumspitzenkonzentration variierte (zwischen 12 und 57 mg/l) und stand in umgekehrter Korrelation zur CCr. Bis auf einen Patienten fand in allen Fällen die maximale Absorption innerhalb der ersten vier Stunden nach Einnahme statt, und bei den meisten Patienten wurde das Maximum bei der 2-Stunden-Probe erreicht. Die Urin Recovery innerhalb 48 Stunden betrug 45% bis 106%, wenn die CCr > 8ml/min war. Sogar bei Patienten mit schwerster Nierenfunktionseinschränkung (CCr < 10 ml/min) reichte die Urinkonzentration für die Behandlung empfindlicher Bakterien aus. Die orale Absorptionsrate ka wurde durch den Zustand der Nierenfunktion nicht beeinflußt und betrug 0,76 ± 0,50 h−1. Das Verteilungsvolumen Vd ext betrug 0,28 ± 0,09 1. Die Plasmaeliminationsrate stand in Abhängigkeit von CCR, nur ein kleiner Anteil des Medikaments wurde auf extrarenalem Wege ausgeschieden. Außer in Fällen von fortgeschrittenem Nierenversagen fand eine tubuläre Sekretion statt, denn die renale Clearance von Cefadroxil überstieg die CCr. Die Werte lassen annehmen, daß es nur zu einer geringen Kumulation des Medikaments bei dem gewöhnlichen Dosierungsschema von 8–12stündlicher Verabreichung kommt, ausgenommen, die CCr unterschreitet 25 ml/min.

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Erstveröffentlichung: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 25 (1979) 514.

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Cutler, R.E., Blair, A.D. & Kelly, M.R. Cefadroxil kinetics in patients with renal insufficiency. Infection 8 (Suppl 5), S592–S597 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01639677

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