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Bactericidal activity of cefadroxil, cephalexin and cephradine in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model

Bakterizide Aktivität von Cefadroxil, Cephalexin und Cephradin in einem pharmakokinetischen In-vitro-Modell

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Summary

Cefadroxil (Duricef, Mead Johnson & Company), resembles cephalexin and cephradine in spectrum of antibacterial activity but differs in human pharmacokinetic properties. Whether the latter are likely to affect activity in vivo was assessed by determining bactericidal activity against clinical isolates under conditions simulating the variation of drug concentration in the blood stream after an oral dose of 500 mg to adults. In this kinetic model, cefadroxil was more active than cephalexin or cephradine againstStaphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenzae and one of two strains ofEscherichia coli. The other strain ofE. coli was virtually unaffected by the cephalosporins.S. pyogenes was equally susceptible to all three cephalosporins. Analysis of the results suggests that the pharmacokinetic properties of an antibiotic affect its activity in the blood stream, provided the susceptibility of the infecting organism is concentration-dependent within the range of drug concentrations occurring in serum.

Zusammenfassung

Cefadroxil (Duricef, Mead Johnson & Company) ähnelt Cephalexin und Cephradin in seinem antibakteriellen Spektrum, aber es unterscheidet sich in seinen pharmakokinetischen Eigenschaften beim Menschen. Die Frage, ob diese sich der Wahrscheinlichkeit nach auf die Aktivität in vivo auswirken, wurde dadurch geprüft, daß die bakerizide Aktivität gegen klinische Isolate unter Voraussetzungen bestimmt wurde, die den Wechsel der Konzentrationen des Medikaments im Blutstrom nach einer Dosis von 500 mg beim Erwachsenen imitierten. In diesem kinetischen Modell war Cefadroxil aktiver als Cephalexin und Cephradin gegenüberStaphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenzae und einem von zwei Stämmen vonEscherichia coli. Der andere Stamm vonE. coli war gegen die Cephalosporine nahezu unempfindlich.Streptococcus pyogenes war gegenüber allen drei Cephalosporinen gleich empfindlich. Die Analyse der Ergebnisse läßt annehmen, daß die pharmakokinetischen Eigenschaften eines Antibiotikums seine Aktivität im Blutstrom beeinflussen, vorausgesetzt, daß die Empfindlichkeit des infizierenden Organismus im Rahmen der im Serum vorkommenden Spiegel der Substanz konzentrationsabhängig ist.

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Erstveröffentlichung: Antibiot. 32 (1979) 718.

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Leitner, F., Goodhines, R.A., Buck, R.E. et al. Bactericidal activity of cefadroxil, cephalexin and cephradine in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. Infection 8 (Suppl 5), S542–S548 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01639667

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01639667

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