Summary
The influence of the stage of pollen development and of the growth conditions of donor plants on the performance of cultures of isolated pollen fromNicotiana tabacum, var. Badischer Burley has been studied. The method described includes cold treatment (4–5 °C for 3 days) and a pre-culture of the anthers for 7 days at 24 °C before the pollen is isolated. With this system reproducible results were obtained with pollen at the early binucleate stage collected from plants 11–13 weeks old. Another prerequisite for reproducibility is that the donor plants must have been grown for eight weeks in soil with an additional supply of mineral salts. Furthermore, the production of haploids by these pollen cultures was strongly influenced by the photoperiodic and temperature regime experienced by the donor plants; it was best (0.07%) with pollen from short-day plants (8 hours light per day at 18 °C) and rather weak (0.015%) with pollen from long-day plants (16 hours light per day at 24 °C). In contrast to other reports, haploid production from anther cultures was not influenced by the photoperiod or temperature.
Cytological studies undertaken at the end of the pre-culture period showed that there were no differences in the percentage of potential embryos for the stages of the late uninucleate, 1. pollen mitosis and early binucleate pollen of long-day plants (1.5%). This value was considerably higher with pollen from short-day plants (7–9%), indicating that short-day conditions at 18 °C of the donor plants are favourable for the induction of androgenesis. However, only the potential embryos formed by the pollen at the initial binucleate stage were able to continue androgenetic development after isolation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bajaj, Y. P. S., Reinert, J., Heberle, E., 1977: Factors enhancingin vitro production of haploid plants in anthers and isolated microspores. In: La culture des tissus et des cellules des végétaux (Gautheret, R. J., ed.), pp. 47–58. Paris-New York-Barcelone-Milan: Masson.
Clapham, D. H., 1977: Haploid induction in cereals. In: Plant cell, tissue, and organ culture (Reinert, J., Bajaj, Y. P. S., eds.), pp. 279–298. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer.
Dale, P. J., 1975: Pollen dimorphism and anther culture in barley. Planta127, 213–220.
Duncan, E. J., Heberle, E., 1976: Effect of temperature shock on nuclear phenomena in microspores ofNicotiana tabacum and consequently on plantlet production. Protoplasma90, 173–177.
Dunwell, J. M., Sunderland, N., 1974: Pollen ultrastructure in anther cultures ofNicotiana tabacum. I. Early stages of culture. J. exp. Bot.25, 352–361.
— —, 1974: Pollen ultrastructure in anther cultures ofNicotiana tabacum. II. Changes associated with embryogenesis. J. exp. Bot.25, 363–373.
— —, 1975: Pollen ultrastructure in anther cultures ofNicotiana tabacum. III. The first sporophytic division. J. exp. Bot.26, 240–252.
—, 1976: A comparative study of environmental and developmental factors which influence embryo induction and growth in cultured anthers ofNicotiana tabacum. Envir. exp. Bot.16, 109–118.
Heberle, E., Reinert, J., 1977: Factors of haploid production in isolated pollen cultures. Naturwiss.64, 100.
Horner, M., Street, H. E., 1978: Pollen dimorphism—Origin and significance in pollen plant formation by anther culture. Ann. Bot.42, 763–771.
Kasperbauer, M. J., 1970: Photo- and thermo-control of flowering in tobacco. Agron. J.62, 825–827.
Nitsch, J. P., 1965: Deux espèces photopériodiques de jours courts:Plumbago indica L. etP. zeylanica L. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.112, 517–522.
—, 1969: Experimental androgenesis inNicotiana. Phytomorph.19, 389–404.
Nitsch, C., Norreel, B., 1973: Effet d'un choc thermique sur le pouvoir embryogène du pollen deDatura innoxia cultivé dans l'anthère ou isolé de l'anthère. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris)276, Série D, 303–306.
Nitsch, C., Norreel, B., 1974: La culture de pollen isolés sur milieu synthétique. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris)278, Série D, 1031–1034.
Reinert, J., Bajaj, Y. P. S., Heberle, E., 1975: Induction of haploid tobacco plants from isolated pollen. Protoplasma84, 191–196.
Sunderland, N., Wicks, F. M., 1971: Embryoid formation in pollen grains ofNicotiana tabacum. J. exp. Bot.22, 213–226.
—, 1977: Observations on anther culture of ornamental plants. In: La culture des tissus et des cellules des végétaux (Gautheret, R. J., ed.), pp. 34–46. Paris-New York-Barcelone-Milan: Masson.
—,Roberts, M., 1978: New approach to pollen culture. Nature270, 236–238.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Heberle-Bors, E., Reinert, J. Androgenesis in isolated pollen cultures ofNicotiana tabacum: Dependence upon pollen development. Protoplasma 99, 237–245 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01275739
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01275739