Abstract
One-half of a group (deficient group) of male Wistar rats which received a daily intake of 50 IU of vitamin A/kg of body weight, and one-half of a second group (normal group), which received 500 IU of the same substance, were treated by intragastric intubation with 40 mg of DDT/day/kg body weight. Rats were killed after 5 or 12 days of exposure to DDT. The liver vitamin A contents indicated a different rate of storage depending on the amount of vitamin A. DDT increased the relative liver weight and decreased hepatic vitamin A storage in both groups; it induced benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase (AHH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in both organs and cytochrome P 450 only in the liver. At both ages, no change was noted in the cytochrome P450 content in the liver and intestine, whereas enzymatic activities, unchanged in the liver, were significantly modified in the intestine and included a reduction in AHH activity, an increase in UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UDPGT) and GST activities. Vitamin A deficiency had no effect on AHH and UDPGT activities nor on the cytochrome P 450 content in the liver or intestine. However, it significantly increased the GST activity in the intestine, but not in the liver.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bieri JG, McKenna MC (1981) Expressing dietary values for fat-soluble vitamins: Changes in concepts and terminology. Am J Clin Nutr 34:289–295
Bock KW, Burchell B, Dutton GJ, Hanninen O, Mulder GJ, Owens IS, Siest G, Tephly TR (1983) UDP-giucuronosyltransferase activities. Guidelines for consistent interim terminology and assay conditions. Biochem Pharmacol 32:953–955
Bonkovsky HL, Hauri HH, Marti U, Gasser R, Meyer UA (1985) Cytochrome P 450 of small intestinal epithelial cells. Immuno-chemical characterization of the increase in cytochrome P 450 caused by phenobarbital. Gastroenterology 88:458–467
Borghoff SJ, Birnbaum LS (1985) Age-related changes in giucuronidation and deglucuronidation in liver, small intestine, lung and kidney of male Fischer rats. Drug Metab Dispos 13:62–67
Campbell MA, Gyorkos J, Leece B, Homonko K, Safe S (1983) The effect of twenty-two organo-chlorine pesticides as inducers of the hepatic drug metabolizing. Gen Pharmacol 14:445–454
Campbell TC, Hayes JR (1974) The role of nutrition in the drugmetabolizing enzyme systems. Pharmacol Rev 26:171–197
Cappon ID, Nicholls DM (1974) Factors involved in increased protein synthesis in liver microsomes after administration of DDT. Pest Biochem Biophys 5:109–118
Chhabra RS (1981) Effect of dietary factors and environmental chemicals on intestinal drug metabolizing enzymes. Toxicol Environ Chem 3:173–199
Chhabra RS, Pohl RJ, Fouts JR (1974) A comparative study of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in liver and intestine of various animal species. Drug Metab Dispos 2:443–447
Datta RR, Nelson MJ (1970) p,p′-DDT detoxication by isolated perfused rat liver and kidney. Ind Med Surg 39:195–198
Deichmann WB, MacDonald WE (1971) Organochlorine pesticides and human health. Fd Cosmet Toxicol 9:91–103
Dudeja PK, Mahmood A (1982) Effect of a single oral dose of p,p′-DDT on the absorption of nutrientsin vitro and on brush border enzymes in rat intestine. Arch Toxicol 49:131–138
Duncan DB (1955) Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11:1–42
Gandemer G, Pascal G, Durand G (1979) Developmental changes in lipogenic enzyme activities in liver and adipose tissue of postweaning: Effect of sex and castration. Ann Biol Anim Biochem Biophys 19:573–581
Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jacoby WB (1974) Glutathione-S-transferases: The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem 249:7130–7139
Hoffman DG, Worth HM, Emerson JL, Anderson RC (1970) Stimulation of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes by chlorophenothane (DDT): The relationship to liver enlargement and hepatotoxicity in the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 16:171–178
Innami S, Nakamura A, Nagayama S (1974) Polychlorobiphenyl toxicity and nutrition: II. PCB toxicity and vitamin A. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 20:363–370
Leo MA, Lieber CS (1985) New pathway for retinol metabolism in liver microsomes. J Biol Chem 260:5228–5231
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275
Miranda CL, Muktar H, Bend JR, Chhabra RS (1979) Effects of vitamin A deficiency on hepatic and extrahepatic mixed-function oxidase and epoxide-metabolizing enzymes in guinea pig and rabbit. Biochem Pharmacol 28:2713–2716
Morita A, Nakano K (1981) Change in vitamin A content in tissues of rats fed on a vitamin A-free-diet. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 28:343–350
Nair CR, Gupta PH, Ghauhan DP, Mehta SK (1983) Effect of vitamin A deficiency on intestinal reduced glutathione levels in rats. IRSC Medical Science 11:320–321
Nebert DW, Gelboin HV (1968) Substrate-inducible microsomal aryl hydroxylase in mammalian cell culture. J Biol Chem 243:6242–6249
Olson JA (1979) A simple dual assay for vitamin A and carotenoids in human liver. Nutr Rep Int 19:807–813
Omura T, Sato R (1964) The carbon monoxide-binding pigment of liver microsomes. I. Evidence for its hemoprotein nature. J Biol Chem 239:2370–2378
Ortega P, Hayes WJJ, Durham WF, Mattson A (1956) DDT in the diet of the rat. Its effect on DDT storage, liver function and cell morphology. U.S. Government Printing Office (Public Health Monograph no 43, PHS Publication no 484), Washington, DC, p 27
Phillips WEJ. (1963) DDT and the metabolism of vitamin A and-carotene in the rat. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 41:1793–1802
Pinkus LM, Ketley JN, Jakoby WB (1977) The glutathione S-transferases as a possible detoxification system of rat intestinal epithelium. Biochem Pharmacol 26:2359–2363
Siddik ZH, Drew R, Litterst CL, Mimnaugh EG, Sikic BI, Gram TE (1980) Hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism and enzymatic conjugation of foreign compounds in vitamin A-deficient rats. Pharmacology 21:383–390
Sieber SM (1976) The lymphatic absorption ofp,p′-DDT and some structurally related compounds in the rat. Pharmacology 14:443–454
Thunberg T, Ahlborg UG, Wahlstrom B (1984) Comparison between the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and six other compounds on the vitamin A storage, the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in rat liver. Arch Toxicol 55:16–19
Tredger JM, Chhabra RS, Fouts JR (1976) Postnatal development of mixed function oxidation as measured in microsomes from the small intestine and liver of rabbit. Drug Metab Dispos 4:17–23
Vainio HV, Hietanen E (1980) in Concepts in Drug metabolism. part A. Jenner P and Testa B (eds) Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 33
Varma RN, Beaton GH (1972) Quantitative aspects of the urinary and fecal excretion of radioactive metabolites of vitamin A in the rat. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 50:1026–1037
Wolf G (1984) Multiple functions of vitamin A. Phys Rev 64:873–937
Zampaglione NG, Mannering GJ (1973) Properties of benzpyrene hydroxylase in the liver, intestinal mucosa and adrenal of untreated and 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 185:676–685
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
de Waziers, I., Azaïs, V. Drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in the liver and intestine of rats exposed to DDT: effects of vitamin A status. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16, 343–348 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01054952
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01054952