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Some remarks on the morphology and histochemistry of the so-called Opalski cells

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Summary

The morphology of Opalski cells and histochemical properties of substances filling their cytoplasm are discussed. In the morphological picture of Opalski cells special attention has been paid to the presence of residual cell processes which are visible both in the routin cellular stainings and in gold-sublimate Cajal impregnation. Their presence and positive metalic impregnation in the author's opinion, are conclusive for astrocytic origin of Opalski cells. The second fundamental morphological feature of Opalski cells consisted in the presence of PAS-positive granulations filling their cytoplasm. On the basis of the histochemical tests performed, the author considered these granular substances as acid mucopolysaccharides bound with cellular proteins containing copper. Opalski cells, being a degenerative forms of astroglia appear as the result of disturbances in the intracellular metabolism of astrocytes. Subsequently to this metabolic disorders in their cytoplasm, abnormal metabolites of the above described character are accumulated. Opalski cells originate from Alzheimer cells type I, however, it seems, that their direct development from typical astrocytes avoiding the stage of Alzheimer cells, is also possible. A few examples of Opalski cells could be seen also apart from hepato-lenticular degeneration, for instance in cases hepatogenic encephalopathy.

Zusammenfassung

Die Morphologie der Opalski-Zellen und die histochemischen Eigenschaften der ihr Cytoplasma erfüllenden Stoffe werden dargelegt. Im morphologischen Bild der Opalski-Zellen wird besonders das Vorhandensein von Zellfortsatzresten hervorgehoben, die sowohl in den Routinezellfärbungen als auch in der Cajal-Goldsublimat-Imprägnation zu sehen sind, was nach der Meinung des Autors auf die Herkunft der Opalski-Zellen aus Astrocyten hinweist. Die zweite morphologische Haupteigenschaft der Opalski-Zellen machen die das Cytoplasma erfüllenden PAS-positive Granula aus. Auf Grund der durchgeführten histochemischen Tests werden diese granulären Substanzen als saure Mucopolysaccharide in Bindung an kupferhaltige Zellproteine betrachtet. Die Opalski-Zellen als degenerative Astrogliaformen erscheinen als Ergebnis von Störungen im intracellulären Stoffwechsel der Astrocyten; dieser zufolge werden abnorme Metaboliten der beschriebenen Art im Cytoplasma angehäuft. Die Opalski-Zellen leiten sich aus Zellen vom Alzheimertyp I ab; es erscheint jedoch möglich, daß sie sich auch direkt aus typischen Astrocyten entwickeln. Vereinzelte Opalski-Zellen kommen auch außerhalb der hepatolenticulären Degeneration, z.B. in Fällen von hepatogener Encephalopathie vor.

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Mossakowski, M.J. Some remarks on the morphology and histochemistry of the so-called Opalski cells. Acta Neuropathol 4, 659–668 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00691216

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