Abstract
Spectral analysis of the plasma produced by laser-induced breakdown was demonstrated to be an effective real-time technique for the detection of atomic constituents in gases and gas-entrained particulates. The time-integrated technique, LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy), was applied to the detection of sodium and potassium in a coal gasifier product stream, of airborne beryllium, and of phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine in various organic molecules. In a companion paper (following) the time-resolved technique will be discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Analytic Flame Spectroscopy, R. Mavrodineanu, ed. (Macmillan, New York, 1970).
Ph. DeMontgolfier, P. Dumont, Y. Mille, and J. Villermaux, Laser-Induced Gas Breakdown: Spectroscopic and Chemical Studies,J. Phys. Chem. 76, 31–37 (1972).
Y. P. Raizer,Laser-Induced Discharge Phenomena (Consultants Bureau, New York, 1977).
R. M. Barnes, Recent Advances in Emission Spectroscopy: Iductively coupled plasma discharges for spectrochemical analysis,CRC Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., Sept. 1978, pp. 203–296.
R. W. Schmieder, private communication.
K. Laqua, Analytical Spectroscopy using Laser Atomizers, inAnalytical Laser Spectroscopy, N. Omenetto, ed. (Wiley, New York, 1979).
J. Reader and N. Acquista, Spectrum and Energy Levels of Eleven-Times Ionized Zirconium,J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69, 1659–1662 (1979).
E. O. Ballard, Purged Window Development for Laser Beam Insertion and Signal Retrieval from Coal Gasification Product Streams, Report LA-UR-80-3605, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico.
H. E. White,Introduction to Atomic Spectra (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1934).
W. C. Martin, Atomic Energy Levels of Neutral and Singly Ionized Phosphorus (P I and P II),J. Opt. Soc. Am. 49, 1071–1085 (1959).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Loree, T.R., Radziemski, L.J. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: Time-integrated applications. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 1, 271–279 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568835
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568835