Abstract
Susceptibility of Candida albicans isolated from mouthrinse specimens during episodes of acute pseudomembranous candidiasis in patients with haematological malignancies was tested by the broth dilution and disc diffusion methods using 24 and 48 h of incubation. The time factor did not significantly affect the results with 5-fluorocytosine. With amphotericin B, prolonged incubation doubled the geometric mean MIC of C. albicans as well as the number of isolates with intermediate sensitivity. With the shorter incubation in the disc diffusion assay, few isolates showed lowered sensitivity to clotrimazole; at 48 h, however, this figure was as high as 54%. The yeasts were highly sensitive to ketoconazole at 24 h, whereas at 48 h the results were bizarre. At 24 h, correlations between disc diffusion and broth dilution methods were satisfactory, with clotrimazole and ketoconazole accounting for most of the discordancies. Accordingly, the disc diffusion results should be recorded at 24 h.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aerts, F., M. De Brabander, H. van den Bossche, J. van Cutsem & M. Borgers, 1980. The activity of ketoconazole in mixed cultures of fungi and human fibroblasts. Mykosen 23: 53–67.
Blatchford, N. R., M. B. Emanuel& G. Gauwenbergh, 1982. Ketoconazole resistance. Lancet 770–771.
Casals, J. B., 1979. Tablet sensitivity testing of pathogenic fungi. J. Clin. Pathol. 32: 719–722.
Dermoumi, H., 1980. Suspectibility testing of clinically important yeasts — comparison of agar dilution technique and agar diffusion technique. Mykosen 23: 1–9.
Editorial, 1980. Ketoconazole: A major innovation for treatment of fungal disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 93: 921–923.
Galgiani, J. N. & D. A. Stevens, 1976. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of yeasts: a turbidimetric technique independent of inoculum size. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 10: 721–726.
Hoeprich, P. D., J. L. Ingraham, E. Kleker & M. J. Winship, 1974. Development of resistance to 5-fluorocytosine in Candida parapsilosis during therapy. J. Infect. Dis. 130: 112–118.
Holt, R. J., 1975. Laboratory tests of antifungal drugs. J. Clin. Pathol. 28: 767–774.
Holt, R. J. & R. L. Newman, 1973. The antimycotic activity of 5-fluorocytosine. J. Clin. Pathol. 26: 167–174.
Hotchi, M., M. Okada & T. Nasu, 1980. Present state of fungal infections in autopsy cases in Japan. A statistical survey of all autopsy cases during the ten-year period from 1966 to 1975. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 74: 410–416.
Kostiala, L, A. A. I. Kostiala, E. Elonen, V. V. Valtonen & P. Vuopio, 1982. Comparison of clotrimazole and chlorhexidine in the topical treatment of acute fungal stomatitis in patients with hematological malignancies. Curr. Ther. Res. 31: 752–762.
Kostiala, I., A. A. I. Kostiala, A. Kahanpää & E. Elonen, 1982. Acute fungal stomatitis in patients with hematologic malignancies: quantity and species of fungi. J. Infect. Dis. 146: 101.
Merz, W. G. & G. R. Sandford, 1979. Isolation and characterization of a polyene-resistant variant of Candida tropicalis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 9: 677–680.
Nobre, G. N., A. Pereira, R. Coias & J. Cordeiro, 1980. In vitro development of resistance to nystatin by Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrata. J. Gen. Microbiol. 118: 263–265.
Odds, F. C., 1980. Laboratory evaluation of antifungal agents: a comparative study of five imidazole derivatives of clinical importance. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 6: 749–761.
Odds, F. C., L. J. R. Milne, J. C. Gentles & E. H. Ball, 1980. The activity of in vitro and in vivo of a new imidazole antifungal, ketoconazole. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 6: 97–104.
Shadomy, S., 1969. In vitro studies with 5-fluorocytosine. Appl. Microbiol. 17: 871–877.
Speller, D. C. E., 1979. Antifungal agents. Practitioner 223: 511–515.
Stiller, R. L., J. E. Bennett, H. J. Scholer, M. Wall, A. Polak & D. A. Stevens, 1983. Correlation of in vitro susceptibility test results with in vivo response: flucytosine therapy in a systemic candidiasis model. J. Infect. Dis. 147: 1070–1077.
Whelan, W. L., E. S. Beneke, A. L. Rogers & D. R. Soll, 1981. Segregation of 5-fluorocytosine-resistant variants by Candida albicans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 19: 1078–1081.
Yamaguchi, H., T. Hiratani & M. Plempel, 1983. In vitro studies of a new oral azole antimycotic, BAY N 7133. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 11: 135–149.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kostiala, A.A.I., Kostiala, I. Broth dilution and disc diffusion methods in the susceptibility testing of pathogenic Candida albicans against four antimycotics. Mycopathologia 87, 121–127 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00436640
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00436640