Summary
A comparison was made of the mutagenicity of AFB, by rat, rabbit, mouse, and monkey liver preparations with that of human liver in the Salmonella/microsome assay using S. typhimurium TA98 as the indicator strain. Equal liver protein concentrations (l.2 mg/plate) were used to determine the number of his+ revertants per nmole of AFB1 induced. These values were for rat, rabbit, mouse, Green monkey and human liver preparations, 573±27, 480±22, 269±8, 233±21 and 36±4, respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adamson, R., Correa, P., Dalgard, D.: Occurrence of a Primary Liver Carcinoma in a Rhesus Monkey fed Aflatoxin B1. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 50, 549–553 (1973)
Alpert, M. E., Hutt, M.S.R., Wogan, G. N., Davidson, C. S.: Association between Aflatoxin content of Food and Hepatoma Frequency in Uganda. Cancer 28, 253 (1971)
Alpert, M. E.: Cit. in: Campbell T. C. and L. Stoloff No. 8. (Personal communication)
Ames, B. N., Durston, W. E., Yamasaki, E., Lee, F. D.: Carcinogens are mutagens: A simple test system combining liver homogenate for activation and bacteria for detection. Proc. Natl. Acad, Sci. U.S.A. 70, 2281–2285 (1973)
Beisenherz, G., Boltze, H. Z., Bücher, T. H., Czok, R., Garbade, K. H., Meyer-Arendt, E., Pfleiderer, E.: Diphosphofructose-Aldolase, Phosphoglyceraldehyd-Dehydrogenase, Milchsäure-Dehydrogenase, Glycerphosphat-Dehydrogenase, and Pyruvat-Kinase aus Kaninchenmuskulatur in einem Arbeitsgang. Z. Naturforsch. 8b, 555–577 (1953)
Bode, C. H., Goebell, H., Stähler, E.: Zur Eliminierung von Trübungsfehlern bei der Eiweiß-bestimmung mit der Biuretmethode. Klin. Biochemie 6, 418–422 (1968)
Campbell, T. C., Salamat, L.: Aflatoxin ingestion and excretion by humans, in: I. F. H. Purchase (ed.), Symposium on mycotoxins in human health. pp. 271–280. London: Macmillan Press 1971
Campbell, T. C., Stoloff, L.: Implications of mycotoxins for human health. Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 22, 1006–1015 (1974)
Campbell, T. C., Hayes, J. R.: Review article: The role of aflatoxin metabolism in its toxic lesion. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 35, 199–222 (1976)
Cuthbertson, W. F. J., Laursen, A. C., Pratt, D. A. H.: Effect of groundnut meal containing aflatoxin on cynomolgus monkeys. Br. J. Nutr. 50, 549–553 (1973)
Czygan, P., Greim, H., Garro, A. J., Hutterer, F., Rudick, J., Schaffner, F., Popper, H.: Cytochrom P 450 content and the ability of liver microsomes from patients undergoing abdominal surgery to alter the mutagenicity of a primary and a secondary carcinogen. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51, 1761–1764 (1973)
Dec, M., Dayal, Y., Ramalingaswami, V.: Aflatoxins and liver injury in the rhesus monkey. J. Pathol. 101, 47–56 (1970)
Essigmann, J. M., Croy, R. G., Nadzan, A. M., Busby, W. F., Reinhold, V. N., Buchi, G., Wogan, G. N.: Structural identification of major DNA adduct formed by Aflatoxin-B1 in Vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 1870–1875 (1977)
Garner, R. C., Miller, E. C., Miller, J. A.: Liver microsomal metabolism of aflatoxin B1 to a reactive derivative toxic to salmonella typhimurium TA 1530. Cancer Res. 32, 2058–2066 (1972)
Garner, R. C., Wright, C. M.: Induction of mutations in DNA-repair deficient bacteria by a liver microsomal metabolite of aflatoxin B1. Br. J. Cancer 28, 544 (1973)
Garner, R. C.: Chemical evidence for the formation of a reactive aflatoxin B1 metabolite by hamster liver microsomes. FEBS Lett. 36, 261–264 (1973)
Garner, R. C.: Reduction in binding of C14 Aflatoxin B1 to rat liver macromolecules by phenobarbitone pretreatment. Biochem. Pharmacol. 24, 15–163 (1975)
McLean, A. E. M., Marshall, A.: Reduced carcinogenic effects of aflatoxin in rats given phenobarbitone. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 52, 322 (1971)
Martin, C. N., Garner, R. C.: Aflatoxin B1 -oxide generated by chemical or enzymic oxidation of aflatoxin B1 causes guanine substitution in nucleic acids. Nature 267, 863–865 (1977)
Merill, A. H., Campbell, T. C.: Preliminary study of in vitro aflatoxin B1 metabolism by human liver. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 27, 210–213 (1974)
Neal, G. E., Godoy, H. M.: The effect of pre-treatment with phenobarbitone on the activation of aflatoxin B1, by rat liver. Chem. Biol. Interact. 14, 279–289 (1976)
Patterson, D. S. P.: Metabolism as a factor in determining the toxic action of the aflatoxins in different animal species. Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 11, 287–294 (1973)
Peers, F. G., Linsell, C. A.: Dietary aflatoxins and liver cancer — a population-based study in Kenya. Br. J. Cancer 27, 473–484 (1973)
Purchase, I. F. H., Goncalves, T.: Preliminary results from food analyses in the inhambane area, in: I. F. H. Purchase (ed.), Symposium on mycotoxins in human health, pp. 263–269. London: Macmillan Press 1971
Reddy, J. K., Swoboda, D. J., Rao, M. S.: Induction of liver tumors by aflatoxin B1 in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis), a nonhuman primate. Cancer Res. 36, 151–160 (1976)
Rensburg, S. J. von, Walt, J. J., von der, Purchase, I. F. H., Prerira Continko, L., Markham, R. S.: Primary liver cancer rate and aflatoxin intake in a high cancer area. S. Afr. Med. J. 48, 2508a-2508d (1974)
Roebuck, B. D., Wogan, G. N.: Species comparison of in vitro metabolism of aflatoxin B1. Cancer Res. 37, 1649–1656 (1977)
Salhab, A. S., Edwards, G. S.: Comparative in vitro metabolism of aflatoxicol by liver preparations from animals and humans. Cancer Res. 37, 1016–1021 (1977)
Schoene, R., Fleischmann, R. A., Remmer, H.: Determination of drug metabolizing enzymes in needle biopsies of human liver. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 4, 65–73 (1972)
Shank, R. C., Wogan, G. N., Gibsch, J. B., Nondasula, A.: Dietary aflatoxins and human liver cancer: II. Aflatoxins in market food and foodstuffs of Thailand and Hong Kong, Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 10, 61–69 (1972)
Swenson, D. H., Miller, J. A., Miller, E. C.: AFB1 -2,3-Oxide: Evidence for its formation in rat liver in vivo and by human liver microsomes in vitro. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 60, 1036–1043 (1974)
Tang, T., Friedman, M. A.: Carcinogen activation by human liver enzymes in the ames mutagenicity test. Mutat. Res. 46, 387–394 (1977)
Tilak, T. B. G.: Induction of cholangiocarcinoma following treatment of a rhesus monkey with aflatoxin. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13, 247–249 (1975)
Ueno, Y., Kubota, K., Ito, T. Nakamura, Y.: Mutagenicity of carcinogenic mycotoxins in salmonella typhimurium. Cancer Res. 38, 536–542 (1978)
Vaught, J. B., Klohs, W., Gurtoo, H. L.: In vitro metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by rat liver nuclei. Life Sci. 21, 1497–1504 (1977)
Wogan, G. N., Shank, R. C.: Toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxins, in: J. N. Pitts and R. L. Metcalf (eds), advances in environmental science and technology, pp. 321–350. New York: Wiley 1970
Wong, J. J., Hsieh, D. P. H.: Mutagenicity of aflatoxins related to their metabolism and carcinogenic potential. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 73, 2241–2244 (1976)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Norpoth, K., Grossmeier, R., Bösenberg, H. et al. Mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1, activated by S-9 fractions of human, rat; mouse, rabbit, and monkey liver, towards s. typhimurium TA 98. Int. Arch Occup Environ Heath 42, 333–339 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377788
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377788