Summary
The occurrence of lysosomes has been investigated electron microscopically and cytochemically in cells of rat liver in the course of ontogenesis.
It has been found that primary lysosomes occur during the whole period under investigation and that they originate from the Golgi complex. Some of them assume the appearance of multivesicular bodies. Acid phosphatase activity is lower at the prenatal stage than after the birth. The occurrence of secondary lysosomes proceeds in two stages. Secondary lysosomes appear in a high number at the beginning of differentiation of the liver diverticulum (10–12 day of embryonic life). On the subsequent days they are, with few exceptions, no more present. At the end of the embryonic period (starting with the 20th day) and especially after the birth, they progressively grow in number and move from the region of central cytoplasm peripherally towards the bile capillary.
Differences in occurrence of secondary lysosomes are in connexion with reconstruction of the liver primordium at the beginning of liver development and with the change in metabolism of the liver cell after the birth.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Balis, J. U., A. Chan and P. E. Conen: Electron microscopy study of the developing human liver. J. Gastro-Ent. 7, 133–147 (1964).
Behnke, O.: Demonstration of acid phosphatase-containing granules and cytoplasmic bodies in the epithelium of foetal rat duodenum during certain stages of differentiation. J. Cell Biol. 18, 251–265 (1963).
Bertolini, B.: The structure of the liver cells during the life cycle of a brook-lamprey (Lampetra zanandreai). Z. Zellforsch. 67, 297–318 (1965).
, and G. Hassan: Acid phosphatase associated with the Golgi apparatus in human liver cells. J. Cell Biol. 32, 216–219 (1967).
Carstens, L. A.: Ultrastructural observations on the fetal monkey liver. J. Cell Biol. 31, 19A (1966).
Duve, C. de: The vacuolar apparatus. Excerpta med. (ICS) 166, 5 (1968).
, and R. Wattiaux: Functions of lysosomes. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 28, 435–492 (1966).
Dvořák, M.: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an embryonalen Leberzellen. Z. Zellforsch. 62, 655–666 (1964).
, u. D. Horký: Submikroskopische Struktur der Leberzelle nach Beeinflussung ihrer Sekretionstätigkeit. Z. Zellforsch. 76, 486–497 (1967).
, H. Konečná, and J. Šťastná: Differentiation of subcellular bodies and lysosomes of the liver cell in the course of ontogenesis. [Czch.]. Scr. med. 40, 49–50 (1967).
, u. K. Mazanec: Differenzierung der Feinstruktur der Leberzelle in der frühen postnatalen Periode. Z. Zellforsch. 80, 370–384 (1967).
Ericsson, J. L. E., and W. H. Glinsmann: Observation on the subcellular organization of hepatic parenchymal cells. I. Golgi apparatus, cytosomes, and cytosegresomes in normal cells. Lab. Invest. 15, 750–761 (1966).
Essner, E.: Endoplasmic reticulum and the origin of microbodies in fetal mouse liver. Lab. Invest. 17, 71–87 (1967).
, and A. B. Novikoff: Cytological studies on two functional hepatomas. Interrelations of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. J. Cell Biol. 15, 289–315 (1962).
Franke, H., u. E. Goetze: Die Feinstruktur der Leberzellen von Rattenfoeten und Neugeborenen in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien. Acta biol. med. germ. 11, 424–432 (1963).
Glinsmann, W. H., and J. L. E. Ericsson: Observations on the subcellular organization of hepatic parenchymal cells. II. Evolution of reversible alterations induced by hypoxia. Lab. Invest. 15, 762–777 (1966).
Holtzman, E., and R. Dominitz: Cytochemical studies of lysosomes, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum in secretion and protein uptake by adrenal medulla cells of the rat. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 16, 320–336 (1968).
Knox, W. E., V. H. Auerbach, and E. C. C. Lin: Enzymatic and metabolic adaptations in animals. Physiol. Rev. 36, 164–254 (1956).
Miller, F., and G. E. Palade: Lytic activities in renal protein absorption droplets. An electron microscopical cytochemical study. J. Cell Biol. 23, 519–552 (1964).
Moe, H., J. Rostgaard, and O. Behnke: On the morphology and origin of virgin lysosomes in the intestinal epithelium of the rat. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 12, 396–403 (1965).
Novikoff, A. B., E. Essner, and M. Heus: Enzymic activities of cytomembranes. In: Electron microscopy (ed. S. S. Breese Jr.). Fifth Internat. Congr. for Electron Microscopy, Philadelphia, vol. 2. New York and London: Academic Press 1962.
Peters, V., G. W. Kelly, and H. M. Dembitzer: Cytologic changes in fetal and neonatal hepatic cells of the mouse. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 111, 87–103 (1963).
Sabatini, D. D., K. G. Bensch, and R. J. Barrnett: Cytochemistry and electron microscopy. The preservation of cellular ultrastructure and enzymatic activity by aldehyde fixation. J. Cell Biol. 17, 19–58 (1963).
Schin, K. S., and U. Clever: Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies of salivary gland regression in Chironomus tentans. Z. Zellforsch. 86, 262–279 (1968).
Schwarz, W.: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Lysosomen im Blastem der Extremitätenknospe der Ratte. Z. Zellforsch. 73, 27–36 (1966).
Spycher, M. A.: Zur Frühembryogenese der Leber. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an der embryonalen Rattenleber. Path. et Microbiol. (Basel) 30, 303–352 (1967).
Stephens, R. J., and R. F. Bils: Ultrastructural changes in the developing chick liver. I. General cytology. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 18, 456–476 (1967).
Wood, R. L.: Electron microscope localization of phosphatase activity in developing rat liver. J. Cell Biol. 35, 146A (1967a).
: Effect of ethionine on the ultrastructure of developing liver cells. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 19, 100–115 (1967b).
Zamboni, L.: Electron microscopic studies of blood embryogenesis in humans. I. The ultrastructure of the fetal liver. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 12, 509–524 (1965).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dvořák, M., Konečná, H. Occurrence of lysosomes and the differentiation of rat liver cells. Z. Zellforsch. 99, 277–285 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00342227
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00342227