Die Beteiligung des Vasopressins an der Entstehung des Ödems

Summary

Under determined conditions constant oral infusion of isotonic saline solution causes changes of the mineral and water metabolism of rats of different age. These changes are produced to study the action of the different age. These changes are produced to study the action of the sodiumretaining hormone of the suprarenal glands and of Vasopressin of the hypophysis in the pathogenesis of edema. Two different disturbances of the mineral and water metabolism are demonstrated. They are named halocortin and adiuretin type of edema.

The synergism and the antagonism of aldosterone and Vasopressin in the regulation of the mineral and water metabolism is discussed. Experiments are done dealing with the effects of synthetic Lysine-Vaso-pressin under different conditions. During infusion of destilled water synthetic Vasopressin causes water retention and increases the urinary sodium Olltput and sodium concentration. This effect concerning the sodium output and concentration is also observed during infusion of isotonic saline solution. Under these conditions no water retaining effect can be demonstrated whereas Oxytocin increases the sodium and water output without increasing the sodium concentration of the urine. This is the essential difference between the two hormones. Vasopressin enhances the urinary sodium and water output during infusion of 1.8 per cent sodium chloride solution. The urinary sodium concentration remains unchanged. The same effect is observed in experiments with Oxytoein. The results published by KUSCHI~SKV and co-workers are confirmed.

Vasopressin injected four hours after the begin of the oral infusion increases the urinary sodium output and thereby reduces the primary sodium retention during the first phase of the development of edema. Vasopressin administered at the begin of the experiment does not prevent the sodimn retention. Most likely “diuretic” effects of Vaso-pressin can be shown only while the sodium concentration of blood serum and extracellular fluid is increased. These effects are obtained in the presence of the sodium retaining hormone of the suprarenal glands only and are explained as an antagonism to aldosterone.

In contrast to Oxytocin Vasopressin is without diuretic effect in com-pletely developed edema. The reason for this uneffectiveness is thought to be the entering of sodium into the tissue cells.

The retardation of the urinary water and sodium output of adrenal-ectomized rats decreases with increasing age. The important functional disturbance of the experimental edema is probably an impairment of the biosynthesis of Vasopressin or its release out of the posterior lobe of the hypophysis.

Vasopressin is able to restore the lacking antidiuretic reaction of adrenalectomized animals. From these data the amount of disposable Vasopressin of the different age groups is calculated. The denotation adiuretin typ of edema is justified.

The existing conception concerning the water retaining effect of Vasopressin during development of edema which is thought to be a conse-quence of the primary sodium retention is evidently not correct.