Abstract
From direct measurements of vertical fluxes of moisture representing conditions in extremely different areas, parameterization according to the simple linear Dalton-formula leads to an ‘apparent negative moisture flux’. It is argued that this effect can be traced to deviations of moisture conditions at the interface from the saturation value according to the subsurface sea-temperature. The measurements presented were taken over the German Bight and the Baltic sea using a microwave-refractometer, a sonic-anemometer and a fine platinum wire thermometer. The BOMEX-and San Diego measurements (Phelps and Pond, 1971) have been added to the sample.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brocks, K. and Krügermeyer, L.: 1970, The Hydrodynamic Roughness of the Sea Surface, Bericht des Instituts für Radiometeorologie und Maritime Meteorologie an der Universität Hamburg, No. 14, p. 34.
Deardorff, J. W.: 1968, Dependence of Air-Sea Transfer Coefficients on Bulk Stability, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 2549–2667.
Emanuel, C. B.: 1975, Drag and Bulk Aerodynamic Coefficients over Shallow Water, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 8, 465–474.
Hasse, L.: 1971, The Sea Surface Temperature Deviation and the Heat Flow at the Sea Air Interface, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 1, 368–379.
Hicks, B. B.: 1975, A procedure for the Formulation of Bulk Transfer Coefficients over Water, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 8, 515–524.
Hoeber, H.: 1969, Wind-, Temperatur- und Feuchteprofile in der Nähe des äquators, Meteor. Forsch.-Ergebn. B3, 1–26.
Kraus, E. B.: 1972, Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction, Clarendon Press, Oxford, p. 46.
Kruspe, G.: 1972, Autospectra of Radio-Refractive Index, Vertical Wind, Temperature, and Humidity, Cospectra of Vertical Turbulent Fluxes of Heat and Moisture Above the Sea, Inst. f. Radiomet. u. Marit. Met., Hamburg, Bericht No. 20, p. 95.
Mangarella, P. A., Chambers, A. J., Street, R. L., and Hsu, E. Y.: 1973, Laboratory Studies of Evaporation and Energy Transfer Through a Wavy Air-Water Interface, J. Phys. Ocean. 3, 93–101.
Phelps, G. T. and Pond, S.: 1971, Spectra of Temperature and Humidity Fluctuations and of the Fluxes of Moisture and Sensible Heat in the Marine Boundary Layer, J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 918–928.
Pond, S., Fissel, D. B., and Paulson, C. A.: 1974, A Note on Bulk Aerodynamic Coefficients for Sensible Heat and Moisture Fluxes, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 6, 333–339.
Reshetova, O. V.: 1969, On Heat Transfer and Evaporation over the Ocean, Izv. Atmos. Oceanic Phys. 5, 1318–1323 (transl.).
Saunders, P. M.: 1967, The Temperature at the Ocean-Air Interface, J. Atmos. Sci. 24, 269.
Smith, E. K. and Weintraub, S.: 1953, The Constants in the Equation for Atmospheric Refractive Index at Radio Frequencies, J. Res. NBS 50, Rep. 2385, 39.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kruspe, G. On moisture-flux parameterization. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 11, 55–63 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221824
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221824