Summary
The catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-β-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase were examined by immunohistochemistry in hypertrophied paraganglia of aged male Fischer-344 rats. All paraganglionic cells reacted with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase. Dopamine β-hydroxylase was identified in most paraganglionic cells, indicating that they synthesized norepinephrine. A variable number of paraganglia were positive for phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, which suggested that they synthesized epinephrine. The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence method demonstrated greenish-yellow fluorescence or yellowish-brown fluorescence. The intensity of the fluorescence was in the same range as in adrenal medullary cells. The observations indicate that paraganglia are capable of synthesizing epinephrine.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baker HA, Burke JP, Bhatnagar RK, Van Orden DE, Van Orden LS, Hartman BK (1977) Histochemical and biochemical characterization of the rat paracervical ganglion. Brain Res 132:393–405
Björklund A, Ehinger B, Falck B (1968) A method for differentiating dopamine in tissue sections by microspectrofluorometry. J Histochem Cytochem 16:263–270
Björklund A, Cegrell C, Falck B, Ritzén M, Rosengren E (1970) Dopamine-containing cells in sympathetic ganglia. Acta Physiol Scand 78:334–338
Böck P (1982) The paraganglia. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
Bohn MC, Goldstein M, Black IB (1982) Expression of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in rat sympathetic ganglia and extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue. Dev Biol 89:299–308
Chiueh CC, Nespor SM, Rapoport SI (1980) Cardiovascular, sympathetic and adrenal cortical responsiveness of aged Fischer-344 rats. Neurobiol Aging 1:157–163
Coupland RE (1965) The natural history of the chromaffin cell. Longman's, London
Elfvin LG, Hökfelt T, Goldstein M (1975) Fluorescence microscopical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies on sympathetic ganglia of the guinea-pig, with special reference to the SIF cells and their catecholamine content. J Ultrastruct Res 51:377–396
Eränkö L, Eränkö O (1972) Effect of hydrocortisone on histochemically demonstrable catecholamines in the sympathetic ganglia and extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue of the rat. Acta Physiol Scand 84:125–133
Eränkö O, Eränkö L (1971a) Small intensely fluorescent granulecontaining cells in the sympathetic ganglion of the rat. In: Eränkö O (ed) Histochemistry of nervous transmission. Progr Brain Res 34:39–51
Eränkö O, Eränkö L (1971b) Differentiation of dopamine and noradrenaline in tissue sections by microspectrofluorometry. J Histochem Cytochem 19:131–132
Eränkö O, Soinila S, Päivärinta H, eds (1980) Histochemistry and cell biology of autonomie neurons, SIF cells, and paraneurons. Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology. Vol 25, Raven Press, New York
Grzanna R, Coyle JT (1976) Rat adrenal dopamine α-β-hydroxylase: purification and immunologie characteristics. J Neurochem 27:1091–1096
Hervonen A (1971) Development of catecholamine-storing cells in human fetal paraganglia and adrenal medulla. A histochemical and electron microscopical study. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 368:1–94
Hervonen A, Partanen S, Vaalasti A, Partanen M, Kanerva L, Alho H (1978) The distribution and endocrine nature of the abdominal paraganglia of the adult man. Am J Anat 153:563–572
Hervonen A, Pickel VM, Joh TH, Reis DJ, Linnoila I, Kanerva L, Miller RJ (1980) Immunocytochemical demonstration of the catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and neuropeptides in the catecholamine-storing cells of human fetal sympathetic nervous system. In: Eränkö O, Soinila S, Päivärinta H (eds) Histochemistry and cell biology of autonomie neurons, SIF-cells, and paraneurons. Adv Biochem Psychopharm 25:373–378. Raven Press, New York
Hervonen A, Pickel VM, Joh TH, Reis DJ, Linnoila I, Miller RJ (1981) Immunohistochemical localization of the catecholaminesynthesizing enzymes, substance P and enkephalin in the human fetal sympathetic ganglion. Cell Tissue Res 214:33–42
Hervonen A, Vaalasti A, Partanen M, Kanerva L, Vaalasti T (1976a) The paraganglia, a persisting endocrine system in man. Am J Anat 146:207–210
Hervonen A, Vaalasti T, Vaalasti A, Partanen M, Kanerva L (1976b) Paraganglia in the urogenital tract of man. Histochemistry 48:307–313
Hurst JH, Nisula BC, Stolk JM (1982) Circulating dopamine-β-hydroxylase in rat: importance of altered disposal pathways in experimental diabetes. J Pharm Exp Therap 220:108–114
Joh TH, Goldstein M (1973) Isolation and characterization of multiple forms of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase. Mol Pharmacology 9:117–129
Joh TH, Geghmam C, Reis D (1973) Immunocytochemical demonstration of increased tyrosine hydroxylase protein in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla elicited by reserpine. Proc Natl Acad Sci 70:2767–2771
König R, Heym CH (1978) Immunofluorescent localization of dopamine-β-hydoxylase in small intensely fluorescent cells of the rat superior cervical ganglion. Neurosci Lett 10:187–191
Lempinen M (1964) Extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue of the rat and the effect of cortical hormones on it. Acta Physiol Scand 62, Suppl 231:1–91
Libet B, Owman CH (1974) Concomitant changes in formaldehyde-induced fluorescence of dopamine interneurons and in slow inhibitory post-synaptic potentials of the rabbit superior cervical ganglion, induced by stimulation of the preganglionic nerve or by a muscarinic agent. J Physiol (Lond) 237:635–662
Partanen M, Chiueh CC, Rapoport SI (1981) Age-related increase in catecholamine-containing paraganglia in male Fischer-344 rats. Anat Rec 201:563–566
Partanen M, Hervonen A, Rapoport SI (1984a) The ultrastructure of paraganglia in Fischer-344 rats. J Anat (London) in press
Partanen M, Linnoila I, Hervonen A, Rapoport SI (1984b) The effect of aging on catecholamine containing para-aortic paraganglia, carotid body and SIF-cells of the male Fischer-344 rat. Neurobiol Aging (in press)
Pickel VM, Joh TH, Reis DJ, Leeman SE, Miller RJ (1979) Electronmicroscopic localization of substance P and enkephalin in axon terminals related to dendrities of catecholaminergic neurons. Brain Res 160:387–400
Schröder H, Gerold N, Heym CH (1981) Immunofluorescence of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in small intensely fluorescent cells of human sympathetic ganglia. Acta Anat 109:47–50
Sternberger LA (1974) Immunocytochemistry. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Wamsley JK, Black AC Jr, Redick JA, West JR, Williams TH (1978) SIF cells, cyclic AMP responses, and catecholamines in the guinea pig superior cervical ganglion. Brain Res 156:75–82
Zapata P, Hess A, Bliss EL, Eyzaguirre C (1969) Chemical, electron microscopic and physiological observations on the role of catecholamines in the carotid body. Brain Res 14:473–496
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Dr. J.M. Stolk is the recipient of RSDA K2-00018 from the National Institute of Health.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Partanen, M., Rapoport, S.I., Reis, D.J. et al. Catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in paraganglia of aged Fischer-344 rats. Cell Tissue Res. 238, 217–220 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00217291
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00217291