Abstract
The Sn-W deposits of SW England and SE Asia are associated with crustally derived granitic rocks with late volatile-enriched (F, Li, B, P) differentiates. In peninsular Thailand, primary ores are principally pegmatitic, and hydrothermal vein systems are only locally important. In SW England, wolframite and cassiterite mainly occur in hydrothermal vein systems, and are associated with greisening and tourmalinisation; mineralised pegmatites are rare. These two styles of mineralisation are thought to arise because of differences in the character of late magmatic processes. In peninsular Thailand, late-stage tourmaline-bearing granitic rocks are enriched in B, but not Li and F, compared to earlier biotite granites. Similar late-stage granitic rocks occur also in SW England, but a later topaz granite, enriched in F, Li and P, also occurs. The Thai pegmatitic Sn-W deposits are thought to have formed by late magmatic crystallisation from an aqueous phase enriched in metals and derived by exsolution from a B and metal-rich magma, whereas the SW England mineralisation involved essentially post-magmatic hydrothermal processes. Complexing agents (especially F) and metals may have been derived from granitic or country rocks during hydrothermal circulation at the current level of emplacement.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alderton, D.H.M.: The geochemistry of mineralisation at Pendarves and other Cornish areas. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of London, 1976
Alderton, D.H.M., Moore, F.: New determinations of tin and tungsten in granites from SW England. Mineral. Mag 44:354–356 (1981)
Allman-Ward, P., Halls, C., Rankin, A.H., Bristow, C.M.: An intrusive hydrothermal breccia body at Wheal Remfry in the western part of the St. Austell granite pluton, Cornwall, England. In: Evans, A.M. (ed). Metallization Associated With Acid Magmatism, John Wiley and Sons, 1–28 (1982)
Aranyakanon, P.: The cassiterite deposit of Haad Som Pan, Ranong province, Thailand. Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1960
Beckinsale, R.D.: Granite magmatism in the tin belt of south-east Asia. In: Atherton M.P. and Tarney, J. (eds). Origin of Granite Batholiths. Geochemical Evidence. Shiva, 34–44 (1979)
Bray, C.J., Spooner, E.T.C.: Sheeted vein Sn-W mineralisation and greisenisation associated with economic kaolinisation, Goonbarrow china-clay pit, St. Austell, Cornwall, England. Geologic relationships and chronology. Econ. Geol. 78:1064–1089 (1983)
Chappell, B.W., White, A.J.R.: Two contrasting granite types. Pacific Geology 8:173–174 (1974)
Charoy, B.: Tourmalinisation in Cornwall, England. In: Evans, A.M. (ed). Metallization Associated With Acid Magmatism, John Wiley and Sons, 63–70 (1982)
Dewey, H., Dines, H.G.: Spec. Rept. Min. Res. G.B. 1. Tungsten and manganese ores. Mem. geol. Surv. G.B., 3rd edn., 1923
Dines, H.G.: The metalliferous mining region of south-west England. Mem. geol. Surv. G.B., 1956
Durrance, E.M., Bromley, A.V., Bristow, C.M., Heath, M.J., Penman, J.M.: Hydrothermal circulation and post-magmatic changes in the granites of south-west England. Proc. Ussher Soc. 5:304–320 (1982)
Edmonds, E.A., Wright, J.E., Beer, K.E., Hawkes, J.R., Williams, M., Freshney, E.C., Fenning, P.J.: Geology of the country around Okehampton. Mem. geol. Surv. G.B., 1968
Exley, C.S., Stone, M.: Petrology of the granites and minor intrusions. In: Sutherland, D.S. (ed). Igneous rocks of the British Isles, John Wiley and Sons, 293–302 (1982)
Garson, M.S., Young, B., Mitchell, A.H.G., Tait, B.A.R.: The geology of the tin belt in peninsular Thailand around Phuket, Phangnga and Takua Pa. Inst. geol. Sci. Overseas Mem. 1 (1975)
Gocht, W., Pluhar, E.: Types of tin-bearing pegmatites in Phuket, Thailand with special reference to tantalum-rich ores. In: Evans, A.M. (ed). Metallization Associated With Acid Magmatism, John Wiley and Sons, 91–99 (1982)
Hosking, K.H.G.: Cornish pegmatites and bodies with pegmatitic affinities. Trans. Roy. geol. Soc. Cornwall, 18:411–455 (1952)
Hutchison, C.S.: Economic deposits and their tectonic setting. Macmillan, 1983
Ishihara, S., Sawata, H., Shibata, K., Terashima, S., Arrykul, S., Sato, K.: Granites and Sn-W deposits of peninsular Thailand. Mining Geology Spec. Issue 8:223–241 (1980)
Jackson, N.J., Halliday, A.N., Sheppard, S.M.F., Mitchell, J.G.: Hydrothermal activity in the St. Just mining district, Cornwall, England. In: Evans, A.M. (ed). Metallization Associated With Acid Magmatism, John Wiley and Sons, 137–179 (1982)
Jackson, N.J., Moore, J.McM., Rankin, A.H.: Fluid inclusions and mineralisation at Cligga Head, Cornwall, England. J. Geol. Soc. London, 134:343–349 (1977)
Jahns, R.H. and Burnham, C.W.: Experimental studies of pegmatite genesis. I: a model for the derivation and crystallisation of granitic pegmatites. Econ. Geol. 64:843–864 (1969)
Manning, D.A.C.: The application of experimental studies in determining the origin of topaz-quartz-tourmaline rock and quartz-tourmaline rock. Proc. Ussher Soc. 5:121–127 (1981 a)
Manning, D.A.C.: The effect of fluorine on liquidus phase relationships in the system Qz-Ab-Or with excess water at 1 kb pressure. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 76:206–215 (1981 b)
Manning, D.A.C.: Chemical and morphological variation in tourmalines from the Hub Kapong batholith of peninsular Thailand. Mineral. Mag. 45:139–147 (1982 a)
Manning, D.A.C.: An experimental study of the effects of fluorine on the crystallisation of granitic melts. In: Evans, A.M. (ed). Metallization Associated With Acid Magmatism, John Wiley and Sons, 191–203 (1982 b)
Manning, D.A.C.: Disseminated tin sulphides in the St. Austell granite. Proc. Ussher Soc. 5:411–416 (1983 a)
Manning, D.A.C.: Chemical variation in garnets from aplites and pegmatites, peninsular Thailand. Mineral. Mag. 47:353–358 (1983 b)
Manning, D.A.C.: Chemical variation in garnets from aplites and pegmatites peninsular Thailand — a correction. Mineral. Mag. 48:149 (1984a)
Manning, D.A.C.: Volatile control of tungsten partitioning in granitic melt-vapour systems. Trans. Instn. Min. Metall. 93:B185-B189 (1984 b)
Manning, D.A.C.: A comparison of the influence of magmatic water on the form of granite-hosted Sn-W deposits and associated tourmalinisation from Thailand and SW England. Proc. conf. High Heat Production Granites, Instn. Min. Metall., St. Austell, 203–212, 1985
Manning, D.A.C., Exley, C.S.: The origin of late-stage rocks in the St. Austell granite — a reinterpretation. J. geol. Soc. London, 141:581–591 (1984)
Moore, J.McM.: Exploration prospects for stockwork-hosted tintungsten ores in S.W. England. Mining Magazine, 97–103 (1977)
Pichavant, M.: An experimental study of the effect of boron on a water-saturated haplogranite at 1 kbar pressure. Geological applications. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 76:430–439 (1981)
Pichavant, M., Manning, D.A.C.: Petrogenesis of tourmaline granites and topaz granites: the contribution of experimental data. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 35:31–50 (1984)
Putthapiban, P., Gray, C.M.: Age and tin-tungsten mineralization of the Phuket granites, Thailand. Proc. Conf. Geol. and Min. Res. Thailand, Bangkok, 1983
Putthapiban, P., Suensilpong, S.: The igneous geology of the granitic rocks of the Hub Kapong-Hua Hin area. J. geol. Soc. Thailand, 3:M1, 1–22 (1978)
Scrivenor, J.B.: The topaz-bearing rocks of Gunong Bakau (Federated Malay States). Q. J. geol. Soc. London, 70:373–381 (1914)
Stone, M.: Structure and petrology of the Tregonning-Godolphin granite, Cornwall. Proc. Geol. Assoc. 86:155–170 (1975)
Stone, M.: The behaviour of tin and some other trace elements during granite differentiation, west Cornwall, England. In: Evans, A.M. (ed). Metallization Associated With Acid Magmatism, John Wiley and Sons, 339–355 (1982)
Taylor, J.R., Wall, V.J.: The mobilisation of tin from granitoid magmas. Abstract, 27th Int. geol. Congr., Moscow, 1984
Taylor, R.G.: Geology of tin deposits. Elsevier, 543 pp, 1979
Watson, E.G., Capobianco, C.J.: Phosphorus and the rare earth elements in felsic magmas: an assessment of the role of apatite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 45:2349–2358 (1981)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Manning, D.A.C. Contrasting styles of Sn-W mineralisation in peninsular Thailand and SW England. Mineral. Deposita 21, 44–52 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00204360
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00204360