Abstract
The role of endogenous gibberellin A1 (GA1) in the induction of α-amylase activity was investigated during germination of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds. The level of endogenous GA1 and the α-amylase activity in the seeds of normal rice, cv. Nipponbare, increased simultaneously from 3 days after the imbibition of water. The α-amylase activities in the dwarf rice, cv. Waito-C and Tan-ginbozu, were less than that in the normal rice. The level of endogenous GA1 and α-amylase activity were decreased in proportion to the concentration of a growth retardant, uniconazole. The retardation in α-amylase activity caused by the treatment of uniconazole was recovered by the application of exogenous GA1. These results indicate that the endogenous GA1 biosynthesized de novo regulates α-amylase production in germinating rice seeds.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- GA(s):
-
gibberellin(s)
- ABA:
-
abscisic acid
- AE fraction:
-
acidic ethyl acetate-soluble fraction
- HPLC:
-
high performance liquid chromatography
- R t :
-
retention time
- GC-SIM:
-
gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring
References
Choi Y-H, Kobayashi M, Fujioka S, Matsuno T, Hirosawa T, Sakurai A (1995a) Fluctuation of endogenous gibberellin levels in the early development of rice. Biosci Biotech Biochem 59:285–288
Choi Y-H, Yoshizawa K, Kobayashi M, Sakurai A (1995b) Distribution of endogenous gibberellins in vegetative shoots of rice. Plant Cell Physiol 36:997–1001
Fincher GB (1989) Molecular and cellular biology associated with endosperm mobilization in germinating cereal grains. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 40:305–346
Grosselindemann E, Graebe JE, Stöckl D, Hedden P (1991) entKaurene biosynthesis in germinating barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Himalaya) caryopses and its relation to α-amylase production. Plant Physiol 96:1099–1104
Huang N, Koizumi N, Reinl S, Rodriguez RL (1990a) Structural organization and differential expression of rice α-amylase genes. Nucleic Acids Res 18:7007–7014
Huang N, Sutliff TD, Litts JC, Rodriguez RL (1990b) Classification and characterization of the rice α-amylase multigene family. Plant Mol Biol 14:655–668
Izumi K, Kamiya Y, Sakurai A, Oshio H, Takahashi N (1985) Studies of sites of action of a new plant growth retardant (E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol (S-3307) and comparative effects of its stereoisomers in a cell-free system from Cucurbita maxima. Plant Cell Physiol 26:821–827
Jacobsen JV, Gubler F, Chandler P (1995) Gibberellin action in germinated cereal grains. In: Davies PJ (ed) Plant hormones: Physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 246–271
Karrer EE, Rodriguez RL (1992) Metabolic regulation of rice α-amylase and sucrose synthase genes in planta. Plant J 2:517–523
Kobayashi M, Gomi M, Agematsu J, Asami T, Yoshida S, Sakurai A (1995) Fluctuation of endogenous gibberellin and abscisic acid levels in germinating seeds of barley. Biosci Biotech Biochem 59:1969–1970
Kobayashi M, Sakurai A, Saka H, Takahashi N (1989) Quantitative analysis of endogenous gibberellins in normal and dwarf cultivars of rice. Plant Cell Physiol 30:963–969
Lenton JR, Appleford NEJ (1990) Gibberellin production and action during germination of wheat. In: Takahashi N, Phinney BO, MacMillan J (eds) Gibberellins. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 125–135
Mitsunaga S, Yamaguchi J (1993) Induction of α-amylase is repressed by uniconazole, an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of gibberellin, in a dwarf mutant of rice, Waito-C. Plant Cell Physiol 34:243–249
Okamoto K, Akazawa T (1979) Enzymic mechanism of starch breakdown in germinating rice seeds. 7. Amylase formation in the epithelium. Plant Physiol 63:336–340
O'Neill SD, Kumagai MH, Majumdar A, Huang N, Sutliff TD, Rodriguez RL (1990) The α-amylase genes in Oryza sativa: Characterization of cDNA clones and mRNA expression during seed germination. Mol Gen Genet 221:235–244
Ranjhan S, Karrer EE, Rodriguez RL (1992) Localizing α-amylase gene expression in germinated rice grains. Plant Cell Physiol 33:73–79
Soh C-H, Kamiya Y, Yoshida S, Yamane H, Takahashi N (1994) Effects of gibberellins and prohexadione on the activities of oryzain and α-amylase in rice seeds. Plant Cell Physiol 35:1037–1042
Takahashi N, Kobayashi M (1989) Organ-specific gibberellins in rice: Roles and biosynthesis. In: Takahashi N, Phinney BO, Mac-Millan J (eds) Gibberellins. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 9–21
Tanaka Y, Ito T, Akazawa T (1970) Enzymic mechanism of starch breakdown in germinating rice seeds. III. α-Amylase isozymes. Plant Physiol 46:650–654
Yamada K (1982) Determination of endogenous gibberellins in germinating barley by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Brew Chem 40:18–25
Yokota T, Murofushi N, Takahashi N (1980) Extraction, purification, and identification. In: MacMillan J (ed) Hormonal regulation of development. I. Encyclopedia of plant physiology, new series. Vol. 9. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 113–201
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Choi, YH., Kobayashi, M. & Sakurai, A. Endogenous gibberellin A1 level and α-amylase activity in germinating rice seeds. J Plant Growth Regul 15, 147–151 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00198930
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00198930