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Believing is seeing: lessons from emerging viruses in grapevine

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A Correction to this article was published on 24 March 2020

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Abstract

Among the grapevine viruses recently identified, grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV), grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) and grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) have emerged in the last decade as new threats to the grape and wine industry. Initially reported in Italy (GPGV) and the USA (GVCV and GRBV), GPGV and GRBV have a wider distribution at present, likely as a result of an extensive exchange of infected, propagative material, while GVCV seems to remain restricted to the mid-western regions in the USA. Much progress has been made on the ecology of these three emerging viruses since the last reviews were published in 2017 (Cieniewicz et al. 2017a; Qiu and Schoelz 2017; Saldarelli et al. 2017). Here we compile and critically analyze the latest information on these three viruses with a special emphasis on the (i) association between the genetic make-up of GPGV isolates and chlorotic mottling and leaf deformation symptoms, (ii) epidemiological and ecological attributes of GVCV and GRBV, and (iii) impacts of GRBV, particularly on molecular underpinnings of fruit ripening physiological pathways. Common trends among these three emerging grapevine viruses but also some unique characteristics are highlighted. Finally, we conclude on how critical it is to embrace ‘believing is seeing’ in the case of emerging grapevine viruses to remain relevant and impactful in providing research-based management solutions, while leading a sustained dialogue with grape grower’s communities, extension educators, policy makers and regulatory authorities.

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Change history

  • 24 March 2020

    The original article was published with textual errors the authors would like to correct.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to La Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale, particularly to Dr. Luisa Rubino and Prof. Piero Attilio Bianco, for inviting this review.

Funding

The studies reported in this article were funded by USDA-NIFA-SCBG Program, USDA-NIFA Pre-doctoral Fellowship, California Department Food and Agriculture, National Grape Research Alliance and New York Wine and Grape Foundation (GRBV), Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy (GPGV), and Missouri Wine and Grape Board (GVCV).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant and Environmental Sciences, 105 Collings St., Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA

    Elizabeth J. Cieniewicz

  2. College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, 901. S. National Avenue, Springfield, MO, 65897, USA

    Wenping Qiu

  3. National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Amendola 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy

    Pasquale Saldarelli

  4. Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe-Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 15 Castle Creek Drive, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA

    Marc Fuchs

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  1. Elizabeth J. Cieniewicz
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  2. Wenping Qiu
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Correspondence to Marc Fuchs.

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Cieniewicz, E.J., Qiu, W., Saldarelli, P. et al. Believing is seeing: lessons from emerging viruses in grapevine. J Plant Pathol 102, 619–632 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-019-00484-3

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