Abstract
The present work was focused on evaluating the potential use of a sludge produced in a municipal natural facultative pond as biosorbent to remove metal ions (Pb2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, and Cr6+) from aqueous solutions. The influences of different initial conditions of pH, metal concentration, mass biosorbent, and contact time were studied to find the optimum conditions for the biosorption process. The sludge has different functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amide groups that could play major roles in the adsorption of metallic ions according to the FTIR results. Kinetic experimental data fitted very well the pseudo-second-order equation (R2 = 0.995 − 1), which implied that chemisorption is the rate-controlling step of adsorption process. The equilibrium isotherms were evaluated in terms of maximum adsorption capacity and adsorption affinity by the application of Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Despite experimental data fitted well to both adsorption isotherm models, the Langmuir one was the best-fitted to characterize equilibrium adsorption (R2 = 0.992–0.999) evidencing monolayer adsorption. The maximum uptake capacities calculated from Langmuir isotherm were 19.88, 11.49, and 7.70 mg/g for Pb, Cd, and Ni at pH 6, respectively, and 3.55 mg/g for Cr at pH 2. The goal of this research was to achieve a double positive environmental impact by promoting the use of a solid residue of high availability and low extraction cost to clean a liquid residue, which can then be reused or discharged healthily into the environment.
Graphical Abstract
Article Highlights
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Potential use of a sludge produced in a natural facultative pond as biosorbent to remove metal ions
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Sludge showed high efficiency in the removal of Pb, Cd, and Ni.
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High removal of Cr (85-75%) at pH 2 after 240 min of contact time at 10 and 25 mg/L, respectively.
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The Langmuir isotherm model fitted the equilibrium data best.
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Double positive environmental impact, promoting the use of a solid residue to clean a liquid one.
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This work was funded by the National Agency for Science and Technology Promotion of Argentina (ANPCyT) through the grant PICT Nº 2013-2144. The authors would like to thanks Dr. Jean-Carlos Montero Serrano for his collaboration for geochemical determinations and Secretariat of Ecology and Environment of Puerto Madryn city for allowing access to the domestic sewage treatment plant. We would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments that greatly contributed to improving the final version of the manuscript.
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Giarratano, E., Faleschini, M., Bruni, C. et al. Metal Removal from Wastewater Using Sludge from a Natural Stabilization Pond as Biosorbent. Int J Environ Res 13, 581–595 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-019-00196-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-019-00196-7