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Extraction, separation, and utilization of components contained in waste bamboo by pressurized microwave-assisted ethanol solvent treatment

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Abstract

In order to develop the total utilization system that not only cellulose but also lignin contained in waste bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) can be converted into useful products, a pressurized microwave-assisted ethanol solvent (PMAES) treatment was examined for the effective extraction of polyphenols with antioxidant activity and the preparation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF). The antioxidant activity of extract was evaluated by measuring the DPPH radical scavenging activity and the reinforcing effect of CNF prepared was examined by measuring the tensile strength of the composite with polylactic acid (PLA). The maximum antioxidant activity, i.e., EC50 = 59.3 μg/mL, of extract was obtained from bamboo treated at 180 °C for 7 min with 50 v/v% ethanol. This value was 0.158 times that of untreated and water-extracted bamboo (the lower the EC50 value, the higher the antioxidant activity) indicating that PMAES treatment was effective for extracting antioxidants. In the same treatment condition, the maximum tensile strength, i.e., 91.8 MPa, of CNF and polylactic acid (PLA) composite with a ratio of 30 wt% CNF was obtained and this value corresponded to 13.9 times that of neat PLA and 2.39 times that of CNF/PLA composite with the same ratio of commercial CNF. PMAES treatment was an effective method for not only the extraction of antioxidants but also the preparation of CNF with a strong reinforcing effect.

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Funding

This study is funded by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A) (Grant No. 17H04717) and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (Grant No. 20H00664) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima- cho, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan

    Chikako Asada & Yoshitoshi Nakamura

  2. Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan

    Kenshiro Katsura

  3. Department of Post-LED Photonics Research, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan

    Akihiro Suzuki

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  1. Chikako Asada
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  2. Kenshiro Katsura
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  4. Yoshitoshi Nakamura
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Correspondence to Chikako Asada.

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Asada, C., Katsura, K., Suzuki, A. et al. Extraction, separation, and utilization of components contained in waste bamboo by pressurized microwave-assisted ethanol solvent treatment. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 8315–8326 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01781-7

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