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Multi-Stage Metamorphism of the UHP Pelitic Gneiss from the Southern Altyn Tagh HP/UHP Belt, Western China: Petrological and Geochronological Evidence

  • Special Issue on Ophiolite, Orogenic Magmatism and Metamorphism Dedicated to IGCP 649: Diamonds and Recycled Mantle
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Abstract

The kyanite-bearing garnet pelitic gneiss from the Jianggalesayi area in southern Altyn Tagh high pressure/ultra-high pressure belt was proved to have been experienced UHP metamorphism (>12 GPa) by the discovery of kyanite and spinel exsolution microstructure in quartz (precursor stishovite). In this study, three stages of retrograded metamorphism (M2–M4) after the UHP metamorphism (M1) were identified for the UHP pelitic gneiss. The HP granulite-facies stage (M2) was characterized by the mineral assemblage of garnet+kyanite+K-feldspar+rutile+quartz±ilmenite, recording the P-T condition of >1.12 GPa and ≈850–930 ºC. The granulite-facies stage (M3) was represented by the mineral assemblage of garnet rim+K-feldspar+sillimanite (Sill1)+biotite (Bt1)+plagioclase (Pl1)+ilmenite+quartz, and confined under P-T conditions of 0.5–0.8 GPa and ≈770–795 ºC. The late cooling stage M4 was accompanied by the appearance of fine-grained Pl2, Sill2 and Bt2 in the matrix, and the P-T conditions were 0.4–0.6 GPa and <675 ºC. A clockwised P-T path was obtained for the pelitic gneiss in the P-T pseudosection, which showed a deep subduction/collision processes with subsequent exhumation and cooling. Combined with the corresponding multistage metamorphic assemblages, the age dating results implied that the zircons from the gneiss have integrated the recording peak metamorphic (M1, 484±3 Ma) and retrograded metamorphic ages (M2 to M3, 450±2 Ma). There was about 32 Ma interval during the first exhumation from the upper mantle depth (>350 km) to the lower crust depth (≈40–20 km), resulting in an average exhumation rate of 9.11–9.70 mm/yr. In the southern Altyn Tagh region, the HP and UHP rocks from different areas had identical peak metamorphic ages. Therefore, contemporary UHP and HP rocks with different metamorphic evolutions were recognized coexisting in the same orogenic belt, which can be interpreted by the model of subduction channel. The continental crustal were subducted to different depths along the direction of the subduction channels at ≈500 Ma, suffered different grade metamorphism, and then returned to the surface along the subduction channel.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41872053), the NSF of Shandong Province (No. ZR2019BD046), the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2015CB856103), the Opening Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University (No. 17LCD07), and SDUST Research Fund (No. 2015TDJH101). We are grateful to Drs. Xiaoming Liu, Jianqi Wang, Huadong Gong, and Chunrong Diwu for their help with chemical and isotopic analyses at Northwest University, China. Thanks are due to the editors and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that greatly helped to improve the manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-019-0896-7.

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  1. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science & Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China

    Yuting Cao & Cong Zhang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China

    Yuting Cao, Liang Liu, Chao Wang, Lei Kang & Wenqiang Yang

  3. Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China

    Yuting Cao & Cong Zhang

  4. Xi’an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi’an, 710054, China

    Xiaohui Zhu

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Cao, Y., Liu, L., Wang, C. et al. Multi-Stage Metamorphism of the UHP Pelitic Gneiss from the Southern Altyn Tagh HP/UHP Belt, Western China: Petrological and Geochronological Evidence. J. Earth Sci. 30, 603–620 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-019-0896-7

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