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High grade metamorphism in the Bundelkhand massif and its implications on Mesoarchean crustal evolution in central India

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Abstract

The Bundelkhand Gneissic Complex (BnGC) in the central part of the Bundelkhand massif preserves a supracrustal unit which includes pelitic (garnet–cordierite–sillimanite gneiss, garnet–sillimanite gneiss, biotite gneiss and garnet–biotite gneiss) and mafic (hornblende–biotite gneiss and garnetiferous amphibolite) rocks. Granulite facies metamorphism of the complex initiated with breaking down of biotite to produce garnet and cordierite in the pelitic gneisses. Geothermobarometric calculations indicate metamorphic conditions of 720°C/6.2 kbar, followed by a retrograde (687°C/4.9 kbar) to very late retrograde stages of metamorphism (579°C/4.4 kbar) which is supported by the formation of late cordierite around garnet. The P–T conditions and textural relations of the garnet–cordierite-bearing gneiss suggest a retrograde cooling path of metamorphism.

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Acknowledgements

SPS is thankful to the Ministry of Mines, Govt. of India, New Delhi and SBD is thankful to DST, Govt. of India for financial support. They are grateful to anonymous reviewers for the constructive review of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, 284 128, India.

    S P SINGH

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221 005, India.

    S B DWIVEDI

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Correspondence to S P SINGH.

Appendix

Appendix

The P–T conditions of the garnet–hornblende–biotite gneisses is estimated by average P–T calculation of THERMOCALC v.3.1 involving the independent set of reactions

  1. (1)

    2Prp + 4Grs + 3Ts + 12Qz = 3Tr + 12An,

  2. (2)

    3Grs + 5Ts + 11Qz = 3Tr + 13An + 2H2O,

  3. (3)

    6Fac + 21An = 11Grs + 10Alm + 27Qz + 6H2O,

  4. (4)

    3Tr + 6Parg + 18An = 4Prp + 8Grr + 6Ts + 3Gln,

  5. (5)

    Prp + 2Grs + 3Eas + 6Qz = 3Phl + 6An,

  6. (6)

    3Eas + 3Tr + 3Parg + 9Ab = 2Prp + 4Grs + 3Phl + 6Gln,

  7. (7)

    3Alm + 3Eas + 3Tr + 3Parg + 9Ab = 5Prp + 4Grs + 3Ann + 6Gln.

The average P–T obtained from the involved single end-member diagnostic information lie between 545 ± 50°C/4.3 ± 1.1 kbar and 579 ± 56°C/4.4 ± 1.1 kbar for sample nos. 35 and 38 (table 3).

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SINGH, S.P., DWIVEDI, S.B. High grade metamorphism in the Bundelkhand massif and its implications on Mesoarchean crustal evolution in central India. J Earth Syst Sci 124, 197–211 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-014-0516-y

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