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Constitutive Defense Strategy of Coffee Under Field Conditions: A Comparative Assessment of Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars to Rust

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Abstract

Coffea arabica is the most economically important coffee species worldwide. However, its production is severely limited by diseases such as rust. The mechanisms underlying constitutive defense responses in coffee are still poorly understood, compared with induced defense mechanisms. We aimed to characterize constitutive defense responses of thirteen cultivars of C. arabica. Cultivars were classified under field conditions according to the level of resistance to rust: resistant (R), moderately resistant (MR), and susceptible (S). Based on this classification, the stability of eight reference genes (RGs) was evaluated. The most stable RGs were EF1α, APT1, and 24S. We also evaluated the expression of CaWRKY1, CaPAL1, CaCAD1, and CaPOX1, and activities of PAL, CAD, and POX, which are involved in lignin biosynthesis, and leaf content of total phenolic compounds and lignin. Gene expression and enzymatic activity were not correlated with defense metabolites in the R cultivar group but showed a negative correlation with phenolic compounds in MR cultivars. Cultivar S showed positive correlations of gene expression and enzyme activity with phenolic compounds. These results may assist coffee breeding programs regarding selection of genotypes and in optimization of rust resistance.

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Funding

This study was funded in part by the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel – Brazil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001, the National Institute for Coffee Science and Technology (INCT-Café), and the Research Support Foundation of the State of Minas Gerais (Fapemig).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil

    Tharyn Reichel, Mário Lúcio Vilela de Resende & Deila Magna dos Santos Botelho

  2. Agroteste, Lavras, MG, Brazil

    Ana Cristina Andrade Monteiro

  3. Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, Brazil

    Natália Chagas Freitas

Authors
  1. Tharyn Reichel
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  2. Mário Lúcio Vilela de Resende
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  3. Ana Cristina Andrade Monteiro
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  4. Natália Chagas Freitas
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  5. Deila Magna dos Santos Botelho
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Mário Lúcio Vilela de Resende, Tharyn Reichel, Ana Cristina Andrade Monteiro, Natália Chagas Freitas, and Deila Magna dos Santos Botelho. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Tharyn Reichel, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mário Lúcio Vilela de Resende.

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Reichel, T., de Resende, M.L.V., Monteiro, A.C.A. et al. Constitutive Defense Strategy of Coffee Under Field Conditions: A Comparative Assessment of Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars to Rust. Mol Biotechnol 64, 263–277 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-021-00405-9

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