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Comparison of concurrent treatment with vitamin K2 and risedronate compared with treatment with risedronate alone in patients with osteoporosis: Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial-03

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of concurrent treatment with vitamin K2 and risedronate compared with treatment with risedronate alone in patients with osteoporosis and to explore subsets of patients for which concurrent treatment is particularly efficacious. Women with osteoporosis aged 65 years or older were recruited from 123 institutes in Japan and allocated to take either vitamin K2 (45 mg/day) and risedronate (2.5 mg/day or 17.5 mg/week) or risedronate (2.5 mg/day or 17.5 mg/week) alone. The primary end point was the incidence of any fracture (vertebral and nonvertebral). The secondary end points were bone mineral density, height, undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentration, quality of life, and safety. Over a 2-year follow-up, vertebral or nonvertebral fractures occurred in 117 or 22 sites respectively among 931 patients in the risedronate and vitamin K2 group and in 104 or 26 sites respectively among 943 patients in the risedronate alone group. The rates of any incident fracture were similar between the two groups (incidence rate ratio 1.074, 95 % confidence interval 0.811–1.422, p = 0.62), implying that the primary end point was not met. There were no differences in the degree of increase in bone mineral density between the two groups. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentration decreased from 5.81 ± 3.93 ng/mL to 2.59 ± 1.52 ng/mL at 6 months in the risedronate and vitamin K2 group, whereas the change in the risedronate alone group was minimal (from 5.96 ± 4.36 ng/mL to 4.05 ± 3.40 ng/mL at 6 months) (p < 0.01). The treatment discontinuation rate was higher in the risedronate and vitamin K2 group than in the risedronate alone group (10.0 % vs 6.7 %). No unknown adverse drug reactions were reported. In conclusion, concurrent treatment with vitamin K2 and risedronate was not efficacious compared with monotherapy with risedronate in terms of fracture prevention.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the leading investigators involved in this study at the following medical facilities: Yoshida Orthopedic Clinic, Mie Memorial Hospital, Sapporo Kiyota Orthopedic Hospital, Irei Seikeigeka, and National Hospital Organization Fukui Hospital. Thanks are extended to all investigators involved in this study at the following medical facilities: Ako Hakuhou Hospital, Akiyama Orthopedic Clinic, Arai Clinic, Chiba Foundation for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Chousei Hospital, Fujii Internal Clinic, Fujisaki Orthopedic Clinic, Fujiwara Memorial Hospital, Fukase Orthopedic Clinic, Fuki City Hospital, Fukujukai Clinic, Fukui Kousei Hospital, Fukuroi City Hospital (integrated), Fukuroku Orthopedic Clinic, Fukutoku Orthopedic Surgery Clinic, Gomyo Orthopedic Clinic, Gyoda General Hospital, Hakodate Red Cross Hospital, Hakodate Central Hospital, Hara Orthopedic Clinic, Haramoto Clinic, Hayashi Orthopedic Clinic, Hayashi Surgery Clinic, Hirose Clinic, Hitachi Yokohama Hospital, Ichinomiya-nishi Hospital (closed), Inabe General Hospital, Ishida Orthopedic Clinic, JA Gifu Tohno Kosei Hospital, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Joto Central Hospital Orthopedic Clinic, Kamiyouga Setagaya Street Clinic, Katsuura Orthopedic Clinic, Katsuga Orthopedic Clinic, Kawashima Orthopedic Hospital/Kawasima Clinic, Kenmochi Clinic, Kitasato University Hospital, Kodama Clinic, Takano Geka Seikeigeka, Kurosawa Hospital, Kurume University Hospital, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Matsui Orthopedic Clinic, Murase Hospital, Matsukuchi Orthopedic Clinic, Matsuzaka Central General Hospital, Miyazaki Orthopedic Clinic, Mori Orthopedic Clinic, Minami Hospital, Morooka Orthopedic Clinic, Nashinoki Clinic, National Hospital Organization Utano Hospital, National Hospital Organization Miyazaki Higashi Hospital, Nishimura Orthopedic Clinic, Nozaki Clinic, Ota City Hospital, Ota Orthopedic Clinic, Ootaki Hospital, Otoda Orthopedic Internal Clinic, Okumura Orthopedic Clinic, Ota General Hospital, Obase Hospital, Orito Orthopedic Clinic, Osaka City University Hospital, Research Institute and Practice for lnvolutional Disease, Saiseikai Kawaguchi General Hospital, Sanada Clinic, Sakura Clinic, Sappro Orthopedic Clinic, Saiseikai Matsuyama Hospital, Saito Orthopedic Clinic, Seirei Hamamatsu Hospital, Senkawa-Shinoda Orthopedic Clinic, Shibata Clinic, Shiozawa Orthopedic Clinic, Shinseikai Hospital, Shin Sapporo Orthopedic Hospital, Soejima Orthopedic Clinic, Suga Surgical Orthopedic Clinic, Sugioka Orthopedic Clinic, Takahashi Orthopedic Clinic, Takakuwa Orthopedic Nagayama Clinic, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, University Hospital of Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toyokawa City Hospital, Tsuji Clinic, Tsukabara Clinic, Tsuruga City Hospital, Yamao Clinic, Yamane Hospital, Yasue Hospital, Yamamoto Orthopedic Clinic, Yanagisawa Orthopedic Clinic, Yodakubo National Health Insurance Hospital, Ui Orthopedic Clinic, Ugaji Orthopedic Clinic, Unnan City Hospital, University of Toyama Hospital, Wada Women’s Clinic, Watanabe Clinic, Zenshukai Hospital, Toyama Prefecture Saiseikai Takaoka Hospital, Shibayama Seikeigeka, Makiyama Central Hospital, Toumi City Mimaki Spa Clinic, Okuyama Orthopedic Clinic, Yoshida Clinic, Hamazaki Clinic, Tama-sougo Hospital (closed), Noda Clinic, Furuoka Orthopedic Clinic, Iseikai Hospital, and Murakami Orthopedic Clinic. The authors also express thanks to the chairman (Rikushi Morita) and the members of the Ethics Committee: Mamiko Matsumura, Tetsuro Inoue, Isao Yoshimura, Mitsuyoshi Nakajima (died), Tooru Ebihara, Shinya Hattori, and Kousaku Uchida. The authors also express sincere thanks to members of the A-TOP research group: Shigeto Morimoto (Geriatric Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University), Akira ltabashi (Saitama Center for Bone Research, Kubojima Clinic), Toshihiko Yamashita (formerly of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine), Hideaki Kishimoto (Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San-in Rosai Hospital), Hideki Mizunurna (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine), Naoto Endo (Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital), Yoshiki Nishizawa (formerly of the Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine), and Kunio Takaoka (formerly of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Medical School) for their help in establishing the study design, and Naoto Fujinawa (I’cros), Kazumasa Tanzawa (formerly of ING Corporation), and Akan Katagiri (Japanese Clinical Research Support Unit) for their contribution to data management. Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial-03 was sponsored by the Public Health Research Foundation. The authors also thank Eisai, Teijin Pharma Asahi Kasei, Takeda Pharmaceutical, GE Healthcare Japan, Toyo Medic, Banyu Pharmaceutical, and Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma for their generous donations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Shiro Tanaka

  2. Public Health Research Foundation, Tokyo, Japan

    Teruhiko Miyazaki & Nobuaki Miyakawa

  3. Biostatistics Division, Clinical Research Support Center, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Yukari Uemura

  4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hori Hospital, Yokohama, Japan

    Itsuo Gorai

  5. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan

    Toshitaka Nakamura

  6. Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan

    Masao Fukunaga

  7. Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Society, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan

    Yasuo Ohashi

  8. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan

    Hiroaki Ohta

  9. Bone and Joint Surgery, Seirei Hamamatu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan

    Satoshi Mori

  10. School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Tottori, Japan

    Hiroshi Hagino

  11. Kenkoin Clinic, Tokyo, Japan

    Takayuki Hosoi

  12. Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan

    Toshitsugu Sugimoto

  13. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

    Eiji Itoi

  14. Japan Osteoporosis Foundation, Tokyo, Japan

    Hajime Orimo

  15. Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Practice for Involutional Diseases, Nagano, Japan

    Masataka Shiraki

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  1. Shiro Tanaka
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  2. Teruhiko Miyazaki
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  3. Yukari Uemura
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  8. Yasuo Ohashi
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  9. Hiroaki Ohta
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  12. Takayuki Hosoi
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  13. Toshitsugu Sugimoto
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  14. Eiji Itoi
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  15. Hajime Orimo
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  16. Masataka Shiraki
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Correspondence to Shiro Tanaka.

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Conflict of interest

Teruhiko Miyazaki is an employee of the Public Health Research Foundation. All other authors have no conflicts of interest.

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Tanaka, S., Miyazaki, T., Uemura, Y. et al. Comparison of concurrent treatment with vitamin K2 and risedronate compared with treatment with risedronate alone in patients with osteoporosis: Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial-03. J Bone Miner Metab 35, 385–395 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-016-0768-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-016-0768-5

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