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Targeting PSMA by radioligands in non-prostate disease—current status and future perspectives

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Abstract

Background

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is the up-and-coming target for molecular imaging of prostate cancer. Despite its name, non-prostate-related PSMA expression in physiologic tissue as well as in benign and malignant disease has been reported in various publications. Unlike in prostate cancer, PSMA expression is only rarely observed in non-prostate tumor cells. Instead, expression occurs in endothelial cells of tumor-associated neovasculature, although no endothelial expression is observed under physiologic conditions. The resulting potential for tumor staging in non-prostate malignant tumors has been demonstrated in first patient studies. This review summarizes the first clinical studies and deduces future perspectives in staging, molecular characterization, and PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy based on histopathologic examinations of PSMA expression.

Conclusions

The non-exclusivity of PSMA in prostate cancer opens a window to utilize the spectrum of available radioactive PSMA ligands for imaging and molecular characterization and maybe even therapy of non-prostate disease.

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Acknowledgements

P.B. is supported by a clinician-scientist position through DFG SFB 1009 “Breaking Barriers”, Münster, Germany.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany

    Philipp Backhaus, Benjamin Noto, Nemanja Avramovic, Lena Sophie Grubert, Lars Stegger, Matthias Weckesser, Michael Schäfers & Kambiz Rahbar

  2. European Institute for Molecular imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany

    Philipp Backhaus & Michael Schäfers

  3. Gerhard Domagk Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany

    Sebastian Huss

  4. Department of Urology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany

    Martin Bögemann

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  1. Philipp Backhaus
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Correspondence to Kambiz Rahbar.

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The University of Münster received consulting fees from ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany for KR, MB. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest according to the subject and matter of the presented article.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

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Backhaus, P., Noto, B., Avramovic, N. et al. Targeting PSMA by radioligands in non-prostate disease—current status and future perspectives. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 45, 860–877 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-017-3922-y

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