Abstract
The long-term component composition of natural waters in the snow waters–soil solutions–soil–ground waters–surface waters system has been studied within the landscapes of the upper reaches of the Klyazma River. It has been determined that the regular excess of the content of the main macro- and microelements in soil solutions in comparison with snow waters is first replaced at subsequent stages by an increase in the concentration of components in soil–ground water, followed by a decrease in the content in surface waters — streams and river waters. It is shown that the relatively high mobility of sodium, magnesium, potassium, and calcium, and anions such as chloride and nitrate ions, is accompanied by a significant decrease in the mobility of elements of the family of iron, copper, and zinc at the transition from groundwater to surface water. This explains the wide distribution of segregated forms, which are presented by nodules in soils of semihydromorphic landscapes, up to ortsands, and the formation of typical bog ores in the boggy conditions of near-terrace depressions on the border with the superaquatic landscape. Thus, the composition of natural waters and its change serves not only as a good, but also a necessary tool for explaining the features of migration of elements in the soil — natural water system and explaining the mechanism of how soil formations arise.
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The study was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (topic no. 121040800321-4 “Indicators of the Transformation of Biogeochemical Cycles of Biogenic Elements in Natural and Anthropogenic Ecosystems”), as well as within the framework of the “The Future of the Planet and Global Environmental Changes” Development Program of the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of the Moscow State University.
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Zhilin, N.I., Bogatyrev, L.G., Benediktova, A.I. et al. Changes in the Composition of Natural Waters in the System “Atmospheric Precipitation–Soil Solutions–Soil-Ground Waters–Surface Waters (Based on the Example of the Klyazma River Landscapes)”. Moscow Univ. Soil Sci. Bull. 77, 1–11 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0147687422010070
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0147687422010070