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Magnetic Targeting of 5-Fluorouracil-Loaded Liposome-Nanogels for In Vivo Breast Cancer Therapy and the Cytotoxic Effects on Liver and Kidney

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Abstract

In our previous paper, we demonstrated the ex vivo studies of non-toxic liposome-nanogel systems by which the long-term drug release could be provided from hybrid systems for the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) drug molecule. The aim of this study was the in vivo magnetic targeting of 5-FU-loaded Fe3O4 nanoparticles including DPPC liposome-based PEGylated nanogels (5-FU loaded Fe3O4LPN) to breast cancer tissue and the investigation of the treatment and cytotoxic effects of that hybrid system to the liver and kidney in CD-1 mice using an external magnetic field. The effectiveness of the control, 5-FU group, Fe3O4LPN, and 5-FU-loaded Fe3O4LPN systems was evaluated using histopathology in terms of p53, ESR, PRG and C-erB-2, and qRT-PCR in terms of TYMS, ESR-1, RPG, and EGRF. Also, the cytotoxicity was analyzed by histopathological evaluation of kidney and liver tissues. Caspase-3 and caspase-9 evaluations were performed by qRT-PCR. The creatinine and ALT levels were also evaluated by comparing the blood samples of all groups. A total of 300-nm TEM-sized Fe3O4LNP hybrid system was successfully prepared. That system significantly decreased the TYMS and ESR1 levels after treatment process and increased the levels of p53 expression. The levels of caspase-3 mRNA did not change during the treatment, but the level of caspase-9 mRNA level was significantly decreased. The magnetically targeted liposome-based nanogel hybrid system is promising an effective therapy for the breast tumor with less liver and kidney damage. This Fe3O4LNP hybrid system could be useful for the similar small molecules.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Prof. Dr. Emine Dündar of ESOGU of the Medical Pathology for helping us in the pathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. We are also thankful to the veterinarian Salih Salar of KOBAY DLH A.Ş. Experimental Animal Centre for providing the breast cancer model.

Funding

We thank for the financial support of both the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (grant number: 115Z726 and 1649B03140610 - 2211/C) and the Scientific Research Projects Commission of ESOGU (grand number: 201719D05, 201619C104).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey

    Damla Ulker

  2. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Health Sciences University, 43100, Kutahya, Turkey

    Rumeysa Ozyurt

  3. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Nilufer Erkasap

  4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Vural Butun

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  1. Damla Ulker
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Damla Ulker: visualization, methodology, conceptualization, writing—review and editing, validation, writing – original draft, data curation. Rumeysa Ozyurt: validation, data curation, qRT-PCR experiments. Nilufer Erkasap and Vural Butun: supervision, funding acquisition, resources, writing—review and editing.

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Ulker, D., Ozyurt, R., Erkasap, N. et al. Magnetic Targeting of 5-Fluorouracil-Loaded Liposome-Nanogels for In Vivo Breast Cancer Therapy and the Cytotoxic Effects on Liver and Kidney. AAPS PharmSciTech 23, 289 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-022-02438-y

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