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Hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a parabolic trough solar collector with inner helical axial fins as turbulator

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Abstract

In the present work, a parabolic trough solar collector with inner helical axial fins as a swirl generator is considered and analyzed. All the numerical outcomes are obtained by utilizing the finite volume method's commercial code, ANSYS Fluent 18.2. The discretization of turbulence kinetic energy, turbulence dissipation rate, and energy equations as well as the spatial momentum equation have been done by a second-order upwind scheme. Hybrid nanofluid is utilized as a working fluid. This work consists of two sectors. In the first one, the influence of hybrid nanofluid types and, in the next sector, the impact of the volume concentration of selected hybrid nanofluid on the turbulence thermal efficiency are appraised numerically. The two considered hybrid nanofluids here contain multi-wall carbon nanotubes–iron oxide/water and silver and graphene nanoparticles/water. Obtained results showed that utilizing hybrid nanofluids causes more heat exchange rate than pure water. Also, among the evaluated hybrid nanofluids, multi-wall carbon nanotubes/iron oxide indicated the highest thermal performance. At the lowest studied Re number (Re = 5000), multi-wall carbon nanotubes/iron oxide presented higher thermal performance than silver–graphene/pure water by about 9.66 and 13.68%, respectively. Moreover, the peak thermal performance belongs to the case with volume concentration equal to 4% (φnf,1 = φnf,2) by an 18.5% growth in thermal performance.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

A :

Area (m2)

C P :

Specific heat capacity [kJ/(kg K)]

D 1 :

Diameter of the inner tube (m)

D 2 :

Appendix diameter (m)

D 3 :

Diameter of the outer tube (m)

d :

Diameter as length scale (m)

f :

Darcy friction factor (nd)

G b :

Generation of turbulence kinetic energy due to buoyancy (J/kg)

G k :

Generation of turbulence kinetic energy due to the mean velocity gradients (J/kg)

g :

Gravity (m/s2])

h :

Heat transfer coefficient [W/(m2 K)]

k :

Thermal conductivity [W/(m K)]

L :

Length of the tube (m)

M t :

Turbulent Mach number (nd)

P :

Pressure (Pa)

S m :

Mass generation (kg/m3)

S h :

Heat generation (J/m3)

th:

Thickness (m)

t :

Time (second)

T :

Temperature (℃)

u :

Velocity (m s−1)

Ag:

Silver

Fe3O4 :

Iron oxide

HEG:

Graphene

HTF:

Heat transfer fluid

MWCNT:

Multi-wall carbon nanotubes

PTSCs:

Parabolic trough solar collectors

VG:

Vortex generators

μ :

Viscosity (kg/m s)

ρ :

Density (kg/m3)

\(\overline{\overline{\tau }}\) :

Stress tensor (Pa)

σ :

Turbulent Prandtl number (nd)

\(\eta\) :

Thermal performance (nd)

α :

Helical angle (degree)

k :

Turbulent kinetic energy per unit mass (J/kg)

ε :

Energy dissipation rate per unit mass (W/kg)

\(\varphi\) :

Solid volume fraction (%)

Re:

Reynolds number, \({\text{Re}} = \frac{{{\mathcal{P}}ud}}{{\upmu }}\) (nd)

Pe:

Péclet number, \({\text{Pe}} = {\text{ Re*Pr}}\) (nd)

Pr:

Prandtl number, \({\text{Pr}} = \frac{{c_{p} {\upmu }}}{k}\) (nd)

Nu:

Nusselt number, \({\text{Nu}} = \frac{hd}{k}\) (nd)

0:

Reference

eff:

Effective

h:

Hydraulic

nf:

Nanofluids

m:

Average

ref:

Reference

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

    Mohammad Zaboli & Seyfolah Saedodin

  2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran

    Seyed Soheil Mousavi Ajarostaghi

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.N.Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Behnam Kiani

Authors
  1. Mohammad Zaboli
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  2. Seyed Soheil Mousavi Ajarostaghi
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  3. Seyfolah Saedodin
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  4. Behnam Kiani
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Correspondence to Mohammad Zaboli.

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Zaboli, M., Mousavi Ajarostaghi, S.S., Saedodin, S. et al. Hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a parabolic trough solar collector with inner helical axial fins as turbulator. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136, 841 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01807-z

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