Abstract
The processes of calciothermic reduction of metals from iron (FeTa2O6) and manganese (MnTa2O6) tantalates as well as tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) were studied in this work. According to the results of thermodynamic analysis performed in the temperature range of 373–2773 K, the interaction of FeTa2O6 and MnTa2O6 with calcium proceeds with complete reduction of metals. The calculation and comparison of the logK equilibrium constants for the reactions of alumino- and calciothermic reduction of iron and manganese tantalates showed the thermodynamic advantage of using metallic calcium as a reducing agent. Experimental investigations of calciothermal reduction on samples of synthesized oxides were carried out by the method of combined thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis in the mode of nonisothermal heating to 1473 K in an argon flow. X-ray powder diffraction was used to determine the phase composition of the initial samples and interaction products. It was shown that the calciothermic reduction of metals from the synthesized manganese tantalate proceeds actively at temperatures above 1196 K, while iron tantalate and tantalum oxide with the appearance of molten calcium. Tantalum and its solid solutions with iron or manganese, corresponding to the structural type Ta7Fe6, were included in the main metal components of the products of the interaction of FeTa2O6 and MnTa2O6 with calcium.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Maiorov, V.G., Nikolaev, A.I., Kopkov, V.K., and Elizarova, I.R., Tantalite processing technology (Congo deposit) and columbite (Zashikhinskoe deposit), Khim. Tekhnol., 2015, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 32–38.
Belousova, O.V., Structural and technological features of tantalum-niobates during processing of rare metal ores, Vestn. Irkutsk. Gos. Tekh. Univ., 2011, no. 8 (55), pp. 132–135.
Zelikman, A.N. and Korshunov, B.G., Metallurgiya redkikh metallov (Metallurgy of Rare Metals), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1991.
Bose, D.K. and Gupta, C.K., Extractive metallurgy of tantalum, Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev., 2001, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 389–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/08827509808962508
Okabe, T.H., Sato, N., Mitsuda, Y., and Ono, S., Production of tantalum powder by magnesiothermic reduction of feed preform, Mater. Trans., 2003, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 2646–2653.
Osinkina, T.V., Krasikov, S.A., Zhilina, E.M., et al., Influence of niobium and tantalum on the phase formation during the metallothermic interaction of aluminum with titanium dioxide, Russ. Metall. (Metally), 2019, vol. 2019, pp. 85–89. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036029519020198
Agafonov, S.N., Ponomarenko, A.A., and Russkikh, A.S., Thermodynamic analysis of the joint aluminothermic reduction of ZrO2 and Nb2O5, Russ. Metall. (Metally), 2019, vol. 2019, pp. 173–175. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036029519020022
Jacob, K.T. and Rajput, A., Phase relations in the system Ca–Ta–O and thermodynamics of calcium tantalates in relation to calciothermic reduction of Ta2O5, J. Alloys Compd., 2015, vol. 620, pp. 256–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.09.123
Okabe, T.H., Park, I., Jacob, K.T., and Waseda, Y., Production of niobium powder by electronically mediated reaction (EMR) using calcium as a reductant, J. Alloys Compd., 1999, vol. 288, nos. 1–2, pp. 200–210.
Baba, M., Ono, Y., and Suzuki, R.O., Tantalum and niobium powder preparation from their oxides by calciothermic reduction in the molten CaCl2, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2004, vol. 66, nos. 2–4, pp. 466–470.
Powder Diffraction File PDF4 + ICDD, 2019.
Rietveld, H.M., Line profiles of neutron powder-diffraction peaks for structure refinement, Acta Crystallogr., 1967, vol. 22, pp. 151–152.
Roine, A., HSC Chemistry 6.12, Outotec, Pori, 2006. https://www.outotec.com/HSC.
Gulyaeva, R.I., Petrova, S.A., Chumarev, V.M., and Selivanov, E.N., High-temperature heat capacity and thermal expansion of the MnTa2O6, J. Alloys Compd., 2020, vol. 834, art. ID 155153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155153
Gulyaeva, R.I., Petrova, S.A., Chumarev, V.M., and Mansurova, A.N., High-temperature heat capacity and thermal extension of FeTa2O6, Phys. Solid State, 2019, vol. 61, no. 10, pp. 1947–1954.
Mansurova, A.N., Chumarev, V.M., and Gulyaeva, R.I., Thermodynamic properties of FeNb2O6 and FeTa2O6, Inorg. Mater., 2018, vol. 54, pp. 700–705. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168518070087
Wriedt, H.A., The Ca–O (calcium–oxygen) system, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 1985, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 337–342.
Šalak, A. and Selecká, M., Manganese in Powder Metallurgy Steels, Cambridge: Cambridge Int. Sci., 2012.
Yan, X., Brož, P., Vřešťál, J., et al., On the constitution and thermodynamic modeling of the phase diagrams Nb–Mn and Ta–Mn, J. Alloys Compd., 2021, vol. 865, art. ID 158715.
Sergeeva, S.V., Gulyaeva, R.I., Udoeva, L.Yu., Petrova, S.A., and Pikulin, K.V., Study of phase transformations during aluminum thermal reduction of metals from tantalite, Book Abstr. 16th Int. Conf. on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry in Russia (RTAC-2020), Moscow: Pero, 2020.
Witusiewicz, V.T., Bondar, A.A., Hecht, U., Voblikov, V.M., Fomichov, O.S., Petyukh, V.M., and Rex, S., Experimental study and thermodynamic re-assessment of the binary Fe–Ta system, Intermetallics, 2011, vol. 19, pp. 1059–1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2011.03.018
https://www.crct.polymtl.ca/fact/phase_diagram.php?file=Ca-Ta.jpg&dir=FTlite.
Garg, S.P., Krishnamurthy, N., Awasthi, A., and Venkatraman, M., The O–Ta (oxygen–tantalum) system, J. Phase Equilib., 1996, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 63–77.
Funding
This work was supported the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant no. 18-29-24051_mk, using equipment from the Ural-M Center for Collective Use.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Translated by Sh. Galyaltdinov
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gulyaeva, R.I., Sergeeva, S.V., Petrova, S.A. et al. Calciothermic Reduction of Iron and Manganese Tantalates. Inorg. Mater. Appl. Res. 13, 536–542 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075113322020162
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075113322020162