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Phytochemical Study of the Composition of the Unsaponifiable Fraction of Various Vegetable Oils by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

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Abstract

We developed a method for quantitatively analyzing some components of the unsaponifiable fraction of edible oils and validated its characteristics. The component composition of the unsaponifiable fraction of 26 edible oil species was studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Squalene, sterols, and triterpene alcohols were quantified in oils using cholestenol as an internal standard. Some correlations were found between the structure of sterols and triterpene alcohols and their retention indices and electron impact fragmentation. More than 150 chemical compounds—unsaponifiable components—were identified. The method can be used to estimate the concentration of sterols, triterpene alcohols, and squalene in edible oils and determine the authenticity of oils by the characteristic profiles of the unsaponifiable fraction.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The work was carried out using the equipment of the Center for Collective Use of the RUDN University and the Center for Collective Use “Analytical Center for the Problems of Deep Refining of Oil and Petrochemistry” of the Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences.

Funding

The study was supported by the “RUDN University Program 5-100”. The analysis of coconut fruits, annual sunflower seeds, wheat germ, and sugar corn was supported within the State Assignment of the Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. RUDN University, 117198, Moscow, Russia

      S. V. Goriainov, C. A. Esparza, A. R. Borisova, S. V. Orlova, V. V. Vandyshev, Fadi Hajjar, E. A. Platonov, O. O. Novikov, R. S. Borisov & G. A. Kalabin

    2. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia

      S. V. Goriainov & R. S. Borisov

    3. Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240, Moscow, Russia

      E. P. Chromchenkova

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    1. S. V. Goriainov
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    2. C. A. Esparza
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    3. A. R. Borisova
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    4. S. V. Orlova
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    5. V. V. Vandyshev
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    6. Fadi Hajjar
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    7. E. A. Platonov
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    8. E. P. Chromchenkova
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    9. O. O. Novikov
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    10. R. S. Borisov
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    11. G. A. Kalabin
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    Contributions

    All authors contributed to the work equally.

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    Correspondence to S. V. Goriainov.

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    The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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    Translated by O. Zhukova

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    Goriainov, S.V., Esparza, C.A., Borisova, A.R. et al. Phytochemical Study of the Composition of the Unsaponifiable Fraction of Various Vegetable Oils by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. J Anal Chem 76, 1635–1644 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934821140045

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934821140045

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