Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Peculiarities of the Structural Changes of C60/70 Fullerite upon Heating Temperatures up to 1700°C

  • Published:
Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents the results of investigating the thermal destruction of fullerite and subsequent carbon ordering with the formation of graphite (graphitation) upon heating the samples to 1700°C. We study C60/70 fullerite powders with a predominant C60 content (C60—82.18%, C70—14.08%) obtained by the electric-arc evaporation of graphite rods with subsequent fullerene extraction from fullerene-containing soot by boiling toluene. Heating is performed in a CO environment. We investigate the changes in the fullerite crystal structure after thermal impact by means of X-ray diffraction, analyze the change in the spatial orientation in the carbon-carbon bonds by Raman spectroscopy, and estimated the particle dispersion by scanning electron microscopy. We show that the structural changes in the C60/70 fullerite upon heating above 950°C are caused by the destruction of its crystal structure with amorphous fullerite-like phase formation. Amorphization is accompanied by an increase in the dispersion of the carbon powders. Subsequent structural ordering is observed upon heating to temperatures above 1500°C and is accompanied by the formation of a graphite-like amorphous phase. Detailed analysis of the fullerite structure after its amorphization is performed on the samples annealed at 1600°C for 0.5–16 h. We find that after heating to 1600°C, the sample consists of, predominantly, turbostratic carbon; we also record α graphite and β graphite with the low degree of ordering. Ordering with graphite formation is shown to be accompanied by carbon-particle coarsening.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. C. S. Sundar, A. Bharathi, Y. Hariharan, J. Janaki, S. Sankara, and T. S. Radhakrishnan, Solid State Commun. 8, 823 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. W. Vogel, Appl. Phys. A 62, 295 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  3. M. Egashira, Y. Korai, and K. Yokogawa, Carbon 35, 1707 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Cuesta, M. Jamond, A. Martinez-Alonso, and J. M. D. Tascon, Carbon 34, 1239 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. M. R. Stetzer, P. A. Heiney, J. E. Fischer, and A. R. McGhie, Phys. Rev. B 55, 127 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. V. V. Aksenova, R. M. Nikonova, V. I. Lad’yanov, N. B. Tamm, E. V. Skokan, and B. E. Pushkarev, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A 87, 1749 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036024413090021

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. R. M. Nikonova, M. A. Merzlyakova, V. I. Lad’yanov, and V. V. Aksenova, Inorg. Mater.: Appl. Res. 3, 44 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075113312010091

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. R. M. Nikonova, M. A. Merzlyakova, V. I. Lad’yanov, and V. V. Aksenova, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A 86, 1121 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036024412070205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. V. I. Lad’yanov, R. M. Nikonova, M. A. Merzlyakova, and V. V. Aksenova, Perspekt. Mater. 9, 165 (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  10. V. I. Kostikov, N. N. Shipkov, and Ya. A. Kalashnikov, Graphitization and Diamond Formation (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1991) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  11. S. N. Kolokol’tsev, Carbon Materials: Properties, Technologies, Applications (Intellekt, Dolgoprudnyi, 2012) [in Russian].

  12. N. Iwashita, Ch. R. Park, H. Fujimoto, M. Shiraishi, and M. Inagaki, Carbon 42,701 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.05.027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J. B. Aladekomo and R. H. Bragg, Carbon 28, 897 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(90)90338-Y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ch. N. Barnakov, G. P. Khokhlova, A. N. Popova, S. A. Sozinov, and Z. R. Ismagilov, Eurasian Chem.-Technol. J. 17, 87 (2015). https://doi.org/10.18321/ectj198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. V. F. Pleshakov, Kristallografiya 36, 866 (1991).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. E. A. Belenkov, Izv. Chelyab. Nauch. Tsentra, No. 4, 72 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  17. V. A. Tyumentsev and A. G. Fazlitdinova, J. Mater. Sci. Chem. Eng. 8, 11 (2020). https://doi.org/10.4236/msce.2020.810002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ch. N. Barnakov, G. P. Khokhlova, V. Yu. Malysheva, A. N. Popova, and Z. R. Ismagilov, Solid Fuel Chem. 49, 25 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0361521915010036

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. E. I. Zhmurikov, A. I. Romanenko, L. G. Bulusheva, O. B. Anikeeva, Yu. V. Lavskaya, A. V. Okotrub, O. G. Abrosimov, S. V. Tsybulya, P. V. Logachev, and L. Tecchio, J. Surf. Invest.: X-ray, Synchrotron Neutron Tech. 1, 645 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1027451007060043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S. S. Bukalov, L. A. Mikhalitsyn, Ya. V. Zubavichus, L. A. Leites, and Yu. N. Novikov Ross. Khim. Zh. 50, 83 (2006).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. S. S. Bukalov, Ya. V. Zubavichus, L. A. Leites, A. I. Sorokin, and A. S. Kotosonov, Nanosyst.: Phys., Chem., Math. 5, 186 (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. Yu. Basharin, V. S. Dozhdikov, V. T. Dubinchuk, A. V. Kirillin, I. Yu. Lysenko, and M. A. Turchaninov, Tech. Phys. Lett. 35, 428 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. A. M. Molodets, A. A. Golyshev, A. S. Savinykh, and V. V. Kim, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 122, 289 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063776116020102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The work is performed according to the research and design no. 121030100001-3 using equipment of the Center for Physical and Physical-Chemical Methods of Analysis, Research of the Properties and Characteristics of Surfaces, Nanostructures, Materials and Products, Udmurt Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Scientific Center for Metallurgical Physics and Materials Science, Udmurt Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 426067, Izhevsk, Russia

    R. M. Nikonova, N. S. Larionova & V. I. Lad’yanov

Authors
  1. R. M. Nikonova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. N. S. Larionova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. V. I. Lad’yanov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. S. Larionova.

Ethics declarations

We declare that we have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Translated by I. Dikhter

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nikonova, R.M., Larionova, N.S. & Lad’yanov, V.I. Peculiarities of the Structural Changes of C60/70 Fullerite upon Heating Temperatures up to 1700°C. J. Surf. Investig. 15 (Suppl 1), S120–S125 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1027451022020306

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1027451022020306

Keywords:

Search

Navigation