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24-Epibrassinolide Mediated Interaction among Antioxidant Defense, Lignin Metabolism, and Phytohormones Signaling Promoted Better Cooperative Elongation of Maize Mesocotyl and Coleoptile under Deep-Seeding Stress

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Abstract

Both mesocotyl and coleoptile synergistic elongation of maize are the major causes of its deep-seeding tolerance. To elucidate the physiological mechanism of their elongation induced by brassinosteroid under deep-seeding stress, seeds of deep-seeding tolerant N192, W64 and intolerant Ji853, K12 were treated with 4.16 × 10–3 M exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) under 3 or 20 cm seeding depths. The cumulative mesocotyl/coleoptile length reached a maximum of 8.37/5.02 cm on the 12th day of growth at lack of seeding depths in darkness, maximum cumulative seedling length was 21.25 cm on the 22th day; There were complex linear relationships between the four growth parameters of seedlings (maximum cumulative mesocotyl/coleoptil/total mesocotyl and coleoptile/seedling length) and seed characteristics (seed size, weight, physical properties, reserves) by Pearson correlation analysis and path analysis, further using the seed characteristics to establish four optimal regression equations to predict their growth parameters. 4.16 × 10–3 M exogenous EBR application changed both mesocotyl and coleoptile enzymes system, alleviated the reactive oxygen species damage, decreased lignin accumulation, and regulated phytohormones level and polar transport in maize under 20 cm stress, resulting in 26.20, 4.37, 17.53, and 16.33% increase on mesocotyl length, coleoptile length, mesocotyl and coleoptile total length, and ratio of mesocotyl to coleoptile to normally germinate of seedlings under deep soil layer. Additionally, the expression of Zm00001d033286 (PAL), GRMZM2G159393 (YUCCA2), GRMZM2G017187 (ARF9), MSTRG.30577 (BIN2), and GRMZM2G413006 (TCH4) changed in parallel with mesocotyl and coleoptile elongation under different treatments. Therefore, EBR, regulatory role in maize mesocotyl and coleoptile elongation, can promote its safety production in arid regions.

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Funding

The study was partially supported by the Research Program Sponsored by Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, China (project. nos. GSCS-2019-8 and GSCS-2020-5), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project no. 32060486), the Scientific Research Start-up Funds for Openly-recruited Doctors, Science and Technology Innovation Funds of Gansu Agricultural University, China (project. nos. GAU-KYQD-2018-19 and GAU-KYQD-2018-12), the Developmental Funds of Innovation Capacity in Higher Education of Gansu, China (project. nos. 2019A-052 and 2019A-054), the Transverse Project of Lanzhou Qinglü Instrument and Technology Company, China (project no. WT20191025), and the Special Funds from the Central Finance of China in Support of the Development of Local Colleges and Universities (project no. ZCYD-2020-5).

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    1. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, China

      X. Q. Zhao & Y. Zhong

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    1. X. Q. Zhao
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    Authors X.Q. Zhao and Y. Zhong contributed equally to the work.

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    Correspondence to X. Q. Zhao.

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    Abbreviations: APX—ascorbate peroxidase; CAT—catalase; Cis-ZT—cis-zeatin; EBR—24-epibrassinolide; JA—jasmonic acid; PAL— phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; POD—peroxidase; SA—salicylic acid; SOD—superoxide dismutase; Trans-ZT— trans-zeatin.

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    Zhao, X.Q., Zhong, Y. 24-Epibrassinolide Mediated Interaction among Antioxidant Defense, Lignin Metabolism, and Phytohormones Signaling Promoted Better Cooperative Elongation of Maize Mesocotyl and Coleoptile under Deep-Seeding Stress. Russ J Plant Physiol 68, 1194–1207 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443721060224

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