Abstract
Fons Trompenaars and Charles Hampden-Turner were teachers at Pennsylvania’s prestigious Wharton Business School, where they developed a series of continua based on their observation of management practices around the world. By placing countries at different points along a continuum, they avoided the rigidity of a scale of 100. This allowed for greater flexibility of interpretation, which can be seen to fit better the notion of intercultural awareness as a perceptual art rather than as a strict discipline.
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References
Bennett, M. (1998) Basic Concepts of Intercultural Communication (London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing).
Lewis, R. (2011) When Cultures Collide, 3rd edn (London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing).
Mole, J. (2003) Mind Your Manners, 3rd edn (London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing).
Trompenaars, F. with Hampden-Turner, C. (2012) Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business, 3rd edn (London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing).
Further reading
Adler, N. (1997) International Dimensions of Organizational Behaviour, 3rd edn (Cincinnati: South-Western College Press).
Bennett, M. (1993) ‘Towards Ethnorelativism: A Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity’ in M. Paige (ed.), Education for the Intercultural Experience (Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press).
Magala, S. (1995) Cross-Cultural Competence (London: Routledge).
Mead, R. (1994) International Management: Cross-Cultural Dimensions (Oxford: Blackwell).
Mole, J. (1991) When in Rome … A Business Guide to Cultures and Customs in Twelve European Nations (New York: AMACOM).
Richmond, Y. (1992) From Nyet to Da: Understanding the Russians (Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press).
Storti, C. (1990) The Art of Crossing Cultures (Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press).
Trompenaars, F. (2007) The Whirlwind: Connecting People and Organisations in a Culture of Innovation (Oxford: The Infinite Ideas Company Ltd.).
Trompenaars, F. with Hampden-Turner, C. (2010) Riding the Waves of Innovation: Harness the Power of Global Culture to Drive Creativity and Growth (London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing).
Victor, D. (1991) International Business Communication (New York: HarperCollins).
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© 2013 Brian J. Hurn and Barry Tomalin
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Hurn, B.J., Tomalin, B. (2013). Key Thinkers in Cross-Cultural Communication (2). In: Cross-Cultural Communication. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230391147_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230391147_3
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
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