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Anti-inflammatory activity of novel thiosemicarbazone compounds indole-based as COX inhibitors

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Abstract

Background

In this article, a series of 20 new thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing indole were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory potential.

Methods

The compounds were obtained through a synthetic route of only two steps, with yields that varied between 33.6 and 90.4%, and characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques.

Results

An initial screening through the lymphoproliferation assay revealed that compounds LT76, LT81, and LT87 were able to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation, with CC50 of 0.56 ± 0.036, 0.9 ± 0.01 and 0.5 ± 0.07 µM, respectively, better results than indomethacin (CC50 > 12 µM). In addition, these compounds were able to suppress the in-vitro production of TNF-α and NO, in addition to stimulating the production of IL-4. Reinforcing in-vitro assays, the compounds were able to inhibit COX-2 similar to Celecoxib showing greater selectivity for this isoform (LT81 SI: 23.06 versus Celecoxib SI: 11.88). Animal studies showed that compounds LT76 (64.8% inhibition after 6 h), LT81 (89% inhibition after 6 h) and LT87 (100% inhibition after 4 h) were able to suppress edema in mice after inoculation carrageenan with greater potency than indomethacin, and immunohistochemistry revealed that the groups treated with LT76, LT81 and LT87 reduced the expression of COX-2, similar or better results when compared to indomethacin. Complementarily, in-silico studies have shown that these compounds have a good pharmacokinetic profile, for respecting the parameters of Lipinski and Veber, showing their good bioavailability.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate the potency of thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing indole and confirm their importance as scaffolds of molecules with notorious anti-inflammatory activity.

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Funding

This study was supported by Brazilian agencies Fundação de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE, Brazil—Grant no. APQ-0498-4.03/19) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Grant no. 404264/2016-6).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil

    Íris T. T. Jacob, Mirelly D. S. de Miranda, Iranildo J. da Cruz-Filho, Teresinha G. da Silva, Cristiane M. L. de Melo & Maria C. A. de Lima

  2. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, PE, 50740-465, Brazil

    Fabiana O. S. Gomes & Christina A. Peixoto

  3. Faculdade de Ciências, Educação e Tecnologia de Garanhuns (FACETEG), Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Garanhuns, PE, 55290-000, Brazil

    Sinara M. V. de Almeida

  4. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, BA, 40296-710, Brazil

    Diogo R. M. Moreira

  5. Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), Redenção, CE, 62790-970, Brazil

    Jamerson F. de Oliveira

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  1. Íris T. T. Jacob
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  11. Maria C. A. de Lima
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ÍTTJ: drafting the work. FOSG: drafting the work and critical review of article content. MDSM: drafting the work. SMVA: critical review of article content. IJC-F: drafting the work. CAP: analysis and interpretation of data for the work. TGS: analysis and interpretation of data for the work. DRMM: drafting the work. CMLM: analysis and interpretation of data for the work. JFO: design of the work and critical review of article content. MCAL: design of the work and final approval of the version to be published.

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Correspondence to Jamerson F. de Oliveira or Maria C. A. de Lima.

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Jacob, Í.T.T., Gomes, F.O.S., de Miranda, M.D.S. et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of novel thiosemicarbazone compounds indole-based as COX inhibitors. Pharmacol. Rep 73, 907–925 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-021-00221-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-021-00221-7

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