Abstract
The production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) from carbonate-free minerals and CO2 from industrial exhaust gas could lower energy consumption and promote CO2 sequestration. The present study proposes a chemical looping process for the production of PCC from wollastonite (calcium silicate) and CO2 from industrial exhaust using ammonium chloride as the looping medium; this study also included a pilot setup with a capacity of 3 kg of carbonate per hour to demonstrate the process. The process consisted of three phases: extraction of calcium from the wollastonite with hydrochloric acid; carbonation of the CO2 in the extract solution in the presence of ammonia to produce calcium carbonate while generating ammonium chloride; and regeneration of hydrochloric acid and ammonia by the decomposition of ammonium chloride. A special air-lift reactor with an integrated settling vessel was designed for the carbonation reaction. The extraction and carbonation conditions were optimized, and fine calcium carbonate with a purity greater than 98% and a particle size of 2 μm was produced. The overall utilization of the calcium from wollastonite and the CO2 reached 99 and 90%, respectively. This process avoids the high-temperature pyrolysis of limestone and thus consumes less energy. It also sequesters CO2 from industrial exhaust and is a green and high-performing process for the production of PCC.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and material
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.
Code availability
Not applicable.
References
Abebe M, Hedin N, Bacsik Z (2015) Spherical and porous particles of calcium carbonate synthesized with food friendly polymer additives. Cryst Growth Des 15:3609–3616
Berner RA, Lasaga AC, Garrels RM (1983) The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon-dioxide over the past 100 million years. Am J Sci 283:641–683
Bleakley IS, Jones TR (1994) Precipitated calcium carbonate. US 05342600
Chiang PC, Pan SY (2017) Carbonation mechanisms and modelling. Carbon Dioxide Mineralization and Utilization. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3268-4_7
Ding W, Fu L, Ouyang J et al (2014) CO2 mineral sequestration by wollastonite carbonation. Phys Chem Miner 41(7):489–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-014-0659-z
Ding W, Yang H, Ouyang J et al (2016) Modified wollastonite sequestrating CO2 and exploratory application of the carbonation products. RSC Adv 6(81):78090–78099. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA13908F
Domingo C, Garcia-Carmona J, Loste E et al (2004) Control of calcium carbonate morphology by precipitation in compressed and supercritical carbon dioxide media. J Cryst Growth 271(1–2):268–273
Grand View Research Inc (2021) Calcium carbonate market size, share and trends analysis report by application, by region, and segment forecasts, 2021–2028. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/calcium-carbonate-market
Guang-wei Z, Ming-han HAN, Yao-zhang L et al (2009) Decomposition of ammonium chloride for production of ammonia and hydrogen chloride. Chin J Process Eng 9:59–62. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1009-606X.2009.01.012
Harja M, Cretescu I, Rusu L et al (2009) The influence of experimental factors on calcium carbonate morphology prepared by carbonation. Rev Chim 60:1258–1263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2009.09.007
Jiang GQ, Zhang JT, Yu CJ et al (2016) Apparatus and method for absorbing and mineralizing carbon dioxide. US 10343113
Jimoh OA, Ariffin KS, Bin Hussin H et al (2018) Synthesis of precipitated calcium carbonate: a review. Carbonates Evaporites 33:331–346
Jones JD, Ai Y (2013) Carbon dioxide sequestration involving two-salt-based thermolytic processes. EP 2590729B1
Kakizawa M, Yamasaki A, Yanagisawa Y (2001) A new CO2 disposal process via artificial weathering of calcium silicate accelerated by acetic acid. Energy 26(4):341–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-5442(01)00005-6
Kojima T, Nagamine A, Ueno N et al (1997) Absorption and fixation of carbon dioxide by rock weathering. Energy Convers Manag 38:S461–S466. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(96)00311-1
Konopacka-Łyskawa D, Kościelska B, Łapiński M (2019) Precipitation of spherical vaterite particles via carbonation route in the bubble column and the gas-lift reactor. JOM 71:1041–1048
Krammer G, Gasparin G, Staudinger G et al (2002) Formation of calcium carbonate sub-micron particles in a high shear stress three-phase reactor. Part Part Syst Charact 19:348–353
Lackner KS, Wendt CH, Butt DP et al (1995) Carbon dioxide disposal in carbonate minerals. Energy 20:1153–1170
Lehmer OR, Catling DC, Krissansen-Totton J (2020) Carbonate-silicate cycle predictions of Earth-like planetary climates and testing the habitable zone concept. Nat Commun 11:6153. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19896-2
Li W, Zhu F, Wang X et al (2017) Mechanical properties and durability of concrete doped with nano-CaCO3. J Nanoelectron Optoelectron 12:808–814
Liendo F, Arduino M, Deorsola FA et al (2021) Optimization of CaCO3 synthesis through the carbonation route in a packed bed reactor. Powder Technol 377:868–881
Mattila HP, Grigaliunaite I, Zevenhoven R (2012) Chemical kinetics modeling and process parameter sensitivity for precipitated calcium carbonate production from steelmaking slags. Chem Eng J 192:77–89
Mills B, Daines SJ, Lenton TM (2014) Changing tectonic controls on the long-term carbon cycle from Mesozoic to present. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 15:4866–4884
Plattenberger DA, Ling FT, Tao Z et al (2018) Calcium silicate crystal structure impacts reactivity with co2 and precipitate chemistry. Environ Sci Technol Lett 5(9):558–563. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00386
Ramakrishna C, Thenepalli T, Ahn JW (2017) A brief review of aragonite precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) synthesis methods and its applications. Korean Chem Eng Res 55:443–455. https://doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2017.55.4.443
Seader JD, Hentey EJ, Roper DK (2015) Separation process principles, 4th edn. Wiley, New York, pp 232–235
Song Z, Liu H, Stromberg CAE et al (2018) Contribution of forests to the carbon sink via biologically-mediated silicate weathering: a case study of China. Sci Total Environ 615:1–8
Svensson K, Neumann A, Menezes FF et al (2019) Carbonation of natural pure and impure wollastonite. Sn Appl Sci 1(4):318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-0328-4
Teir S, Eloneva S, Zevenhoven R (2005) Production of precipitated calcium carbonate from calcium silicates and carbon dioxide. Energy Convers Manag 46:2954–2979
van Dyk JC, Waanders FB, Hack K (2008) Behaviour of calcium-containing minerals in the mechanism towards in situ CO2 capture during gasification. Fuel 87:2388–2393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2008.03.015
Vanderzee S, Zeman F (2018) Recovery and carbonation of 100% of calcium in waste concrete fines: experimental results. J Clean Prod 174:718–772
Wang D, Li Z (2013) Method for recovering ammonium chloride by preparing complex salt of magnesium ammonium chloride hexahydrate. CN102145901B
Wang B, Pan Z, Cheng H et al (2021) A review of carbon dioxide sequestration by mineral carbonation of industrial byproduct gypsum. J Clean Prod 302(15):126930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126930
Wu JCS, Sheen JD, Chen SY et al (2001) Feasibility of CO2 fixation via artificial rock weathering. Ind Eng Chem Res 40(18):3902–3905. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie010222l
Yadav S, Mehra A (2019) Mathematical modelling and experimental study of carbonation of wollastonite in the aqueous media. J CO2 Util 31:181–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2019.03.013
Yu C, Cai L, Jiang G et al (2021) Mineral carbonation of CO2 with utilization of coal gasification slags based on chemical looping. Asia-Pac J Chem Eng 16(4):e2636. https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.2636
Zhang Z (1994) Decomposition process for ammonium chloride. CN1087062A
Zhang J, Zhang R, Geerlings H et al (2010) A novel indirect wollastonite carbonation route for CO2 Sequestration. Chem Eng Technol 33(7):1177–1183. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201000024
Zhang S, Bai X, Zhao C et al (2021) Global CO2 consumption by silicate rock chemical weathering: its past and future. Earths Future 9(5):e2020EF001938. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001938
Funding
Not applicable.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Ethics approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jin, Z., Yu, C., Wang, R. et al. Preparation of precipitated calcium carbonate using wollastonite and CO2 from industrial exhaust. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 39, 661–669 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-021-00200-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-021-00200-8