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Selective isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus from coinfected samples containing more than one serotype

  • Veterinary Microbiology - Research Paper
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Abstract

The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly infectious disease of all cloven-footed animals. The RNA genome of the virus continuously evolves, leading to the generation of new strains; this necessitates the selection of new vaccine strains to ensure complete protection. Infection with one FMDV serotype does not provide cross-protection against the other FMDV serotypes. Many of the recovered animals may become carriers of the FMDV, but they still remain susceptible to the other serotypes. Coinfection with multiple FMDV serotypes has been reported and studied to understand the virus evolution. Isolation and characterization of all the involved serotypes in the mixed infection case is essential to understand the molecular evolution of the virus. In this study, two cases of coinfection were studied by selective isolation of each of the FMDV serotypes under the cross-serotype-specific immune pressure. It was estimated that the virus present in a minimum of 10−0.92 TCID50 could be isolated from the mixed population containing other serotypes in infective doses of 100.25 TCID50 or less. All involved serotypes present in the mixed infection cases were isolated, without any cross-contamination. Virus characterization revealed that genotype 2 was of serotype A virus from a sample collected in 1995, which was last reported in 1986, indicating a possible subdued prevalence of the genetic group even after vanishing from the field.

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Data availability

All the raw data are available with the corresponding authors and can be shared upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This study was funded by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (Project Code: IXX11548).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Project Directorate On Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand, 263138, India

    Sonalika Mahajan, Gaurav Kumar Sharma, Saravanan Subramaniam, Jitendra Kumar Biswal & Bramhadev Pattnaik

  2. Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, 243122, India

    Sonalika Mahajan

  3. Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, 243122, India

    Gaurav Kumar Sharma

Authors
  1. Sonalika Mahajan
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  2. Gaurav Kumar Sharma
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  3. Saravanan Subramaniam
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  4. Jitendra Kumar Biswal
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  5. Bramhadev Pattnaik
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Correspondence to Sonalika Mahajan or Gaurav Kumar Sharma.

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This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Mahajan, S., Sharma, G.K., Subramaniam, S. et al. Selective isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus from coinfected samples containing more than one serotype. Braz J Microbiol 52, 2447–2454 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-021-00604-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-021-00604-1

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