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Advances in Biosensing and Environmental Monitoring Based on Electrospun Nanofibers

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Abstract

Electrospun nanofibers (NFs) are directly produced by electrospinning technology. They are useful in a series of applications such as excellent performance in biosensing and environmental monitoring, due to their large specific surface area and high porosity. The wide range of materials used provide a solid foundation and core guarantee for electrospun NFs to sense, which are used in a variety of polymers, small molecules, colloidal particles, and composites. Biosensing primarily aims at small biomolecules, biomacromolecules, wearable human motion monitoring, and food safety testing. Environmental monitoring encompasses the detection of gases, humidity, volatile organic compounds, and monitoring the degradation of heavy metal ions. We aim to sort out some recent research for electrospun NFs in the sensing area, which may inspire emerging smart sensing devices and bring a novel approach for biomedical development and environmental remediation. We highlight the powerful applications of electrospun NFs in the rapidly growing field of wearable electronic devices, which may spur the industry’s novel perspectives on the development of wearables. Finally, we point out some unresolved difficulties in the sensing field for electrospun NFs and propose possible and novel ideas for this development.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Copyright 2007, Elsevier Ltd. b SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the hollow NFs. c Color changes on the testing strip. b and c Reproduced with permission [142]. Copyright 2014, Royal Society of Chemistry. d SEM image of PVA/PEI fiber after immersing in Au NP solution (left), impedance spectra of composite electrode sensing glucose (middle), and the effect on glucose sensing when influenced (right). Reproduced with permission [143]. Copyright 2016, Elsevier Ltd. e SEM and TEM images of Mn2O3-Ag fiber and Mn2O3-Ag-GOx/GCE responses to glucose and acids. Reproduced with permission [145]. Copyright 2011, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. f Fabrication of CuCo-carbon NFs and the responses of bimetallic MCo-carbon NFs sensing glucose. Reproduced with permission [146]. Copyright 2014, Elsevier Ltd. g SEM image of NiO fiber/GCE and its response of glucose. Reproduced with permission [147]. Copyright 2012, Elsevier Ltd.

Fig. 3

Copyright 2019, Elsevier Ltd. c SEM and TEM image of the DNA-functionalized Au NPs on cellulose acetate fiber. d Specific sensing performance of DNA-Au NP-cellulose acetate fiber film in different nucleic sequences (left) and the stability performance on detecting Breast Cancer susceptibility gene-1 (BRCA1) (right). c–d Reproduced with permission [162]. Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society

Fig. 4

Copyright 2017, Elsevier Ltd. b SEM images of the nitrocellulose (NC) film (upper left), the polycaprolactone (PCL)-decorated NC film (upper right), and the empowered sensing ability of the modified film. Reproduced with permission [163]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier Ltd. c Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images of GMnO NFs before (upper left) and after (bottom left) calcination, an illustration showing the condition of the hybridization on the electrode (middle), and differential pulse voltammetry results for matched and mutated DNA points (right). Reproduced with permission [159]. Copyright 2018, Wiley–VCH. d SEM images of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers on graphite electrode (left) and the sensor responses of guanine oxidation (right). Reproduced with permission [160]. Copyright 2017, Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Fig. 5

Copyright 2018, Elsevier Ltd. d Schematic of the fabrication of a typical network-MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/polyurethane (M/P) mat strain sensor (upper) and SEM images of the mat before and after being stretched by 40% (bottom). Fabrication of an MXene/polyurethane strain sensor (upper) and SEM images showing its 40% stretch (bottom). e sensor reacts to the body motion. d and e Reproduced with permission [211]. Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry. f Temperature, temperature–pressure, and pressure sensing capabilities of the fiber-based sensor. Reproduced with permission [28]. Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 6

Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. c Fabrication and light detecting capabilities of the multifunctional sensor. d Pressure sensing performance of the multifunctional sensor. c–d Reproduced with permission [218]. Copyright 2017, Elsevier Ltd

Fig. 7

Copyright 2019, Elsevier Ltd. b Fabrication of a carbon nanowire sensor chip. c Current–voltage relationship of the fabricated nanowire sensor (1,2) and its detection of S. Typhimurium (3,4). b and c Reproduced with permission [225]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier Ltd

Fig. 8

Copyright 2018, Elsevier Ltd. c FESEM images of the ZnO fiber under 100 and 150 kGy irradiation. d ZnO fiber reacts to H2. c–d Reproduced with permission [34]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier Ltd. e FESEM images of PAN fibers at RH 35%. f Filtration efficiency (left), pressure drop (middle), and stability of particulate matter (PM) 2.5 removal (right) of the fabricated PAN fiber. e–f Reproduced with permission [239]. Copyright 2019, Wiley‐VCH

Fig. 9

Copyright 2019, Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. b FESEM images of the fibers of average molecular weight of 100,000 (P1), 200,000 (P2), and 400,000 (P4). c Dielectric (left) and impedance (right) properties of the different fibers. b and c Reproduced with permission [247]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier Ltd. d Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping of TiO2/WO3 fibers. e SEM images of TiO2/WO3 fibers before and after sintering (right) and their impedance properties at varied RH (left). d and e Reproduced with permission (open access) [248]. Copyright 2019, The Author(s)

Fig. 10

Copyright 2019, Elsevier Ltd. b Responses to various organic gases of Pd@Co3O4-ZnO (left), selectivity of sensors (middle), and TEM image of the fiber (right). Reproduced with permission [252]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier Ltd. c Isopropyl alcohol (left) and RT VOC (middle) sensing abilities and SEM images (right) of the fabricated gas sensor. Reproduced with permission [253]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier Ltd. d FESEM image of pure LaFeO3 and La0.75Ba0.25FeO3 fibers (left), reactions of the sensor when detecting ethanol gas (middle), and sensor responses at varied temperatures (right). Reproduced with permission [254]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier Ltd. e SEM image of the composite fibers (left 1), TEM image of the calcined In–Sn–O–25 fibers (left 2), responses to methanol of different sensors (middle), and reactions to methanol of In–Sn–O–25 fiber (right). Reproduced with permission [255]. Copyright 2009, American Ceramic Society

Fig. 11

Copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry. c Diagram showing the mechanism of Fe (II) sensor (top), selectivity of the sensor (middle), and its colorimetric sensing of Fe (II) (bottom). Reproduced with permission [259]. Copyright 2013, Elsevier Ltd. d Diagram of immobilizing Pd NPs on the surface of PEI/PVA fiber (left), SEM image of the fibers after detecting Cr (VI) (upper right), and the diagram showing the rate of trapping Cr (VI) with the modified fiber as a catalyst (bottom right). Reproduced with permission [261]. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society. e Experimental setup for nanocomposites fabrication (left), silhouette coefficient (middle), and data plot of blue boxes of each sensing unit (right). Reproduced with permission [260]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier Ltd

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China

    Shixiong Kang, Kun Zhao, Deng-Guang Yu & Xiaolu Zheng

  2. Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Medical Device Materials, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China

    Deng-Guang Yu

  3. Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China

    Caoxing Huang

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  1. Shixiong Kang
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Kang, S., Zhao, K., Yu, DG. et al. Advances in Biosensing and Environmental Monitoring Based on Electrospun Nanofibers. Adv. Fiber Mater. 4, 404–435 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-021-00129-0

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