Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Exogenous Application of Moringa Leaf Extract Confers Salinity Tolerance in Sunflower by Concerted Regulation of Antioxidants and Secondary Metabolites

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We have investigated the impact of foliar-applied moringa leaf extract (MLE) at different concentrations on the growth, physiological, antioxidant, osmolyte activities, and yield attributes of sunflower genotypes grown under salt stress. Screening experiments were performed with five genotypes of sunflower with different levels of salt (0, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 mM) and MLE (0, 5, 10, 15%v/v). Out of five genotypes, HY-33 and FH-654 were selected for the pot experiment based on germination percentage (%). Sunflower seeds were pre-treated with MLE at 5,10% and water (untreated) for 16 h before sowing. Both categories of seeds were sown and let them grow for three weeks without salt stress. Later, germinating seedlings were dissected as salt-treated (120 mM) and control with or without pretreatment of MLE. Sunflower seedlings under salt stress unveiled an inhibition of growth, photosynthetic, and yield attributes, which were mitigated with both treatments of MLE. Moringa leaf extract (5%) pretreatment significantly increased Chlorophyll (Chl) a (49.5%), Chl b (35%) and total Chl contents (45%) under stress. Salt stress enhanced electrolyte leakage (EL%), lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, 10% MLE modulates the antioxidant scavenging activity by enhancing carotenoids (75%), proline (70%), total soluble sugars (TSS;22%), total phenolic content (TPC;24%), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) under stress in both genotypes. It could be summed up that seed priming with MLE mitigated the damage caused by salt in sunflower seedlings by improving photosynthetic pigments, TAC, managing ion homeostasis, and reducing excessive ROS accumulation by limiting lipid peroxidation and EL%. Both genotypes and MLE treatment showed non-significant difference for many features studied.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdel Latef AAH, Abu Alhmad M, Ahmad S (2017) Foliar application of fresh moringa leaf extract overcomes salt stress in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) plants. Egypt J Bot 57:157–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Adeleke BS, Babalola OO (2020) Oilseed crop sunflower (Helianthus annuus) as a source of food: Nutritional and health benefits. Food Sci Nutr 8:4666–4684. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1783

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Akhtar N, Khan S, Rehman SU, Rha ES, Jamil M (2022) Combined effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles and bacteria on osmolytes and antioxidative parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant grown in heavy metal-contaminated water. Adsorpt Sci Technol 4148765:1–15

  • Akram NA, Shafiq F, Ashraf M (2017) Ascorbic acid-A potential oxidant scavenger and its role in plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. Front Plant Sci 8:613. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00613

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Alscher RG, Erturk N, Heath LS (2002) Role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in controlling oxidative stress in plants. J Exp Bot 53:1331–1341

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Taisan WA, Alabdallah NM, Almuqadam L (2022) Moringa leaf extract and green algae improve the growth and physiological attributes of Mentha species under salt stress. Sci Rep 12:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Amini S, Ghadiri H, Chen C, Marschner P (2016) Salt-affected soils, reclamation, carbon dynamics, and biochar: a review. J Soils Sediments 16:939–953

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta Vulgaris. Plant Physiol 24:1

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Aslam A, Khan S, Ibrar D, Irshad S, Bakhsh A, Gardezi STR, Ali M, Hasnain Z, Al-Hashimi A, Noor MA (2021) Defensive impact of foliar applied potassium nitrate on growth linked with improved physiological and antioxidative activities in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Hybrids Grown under Salinity Stress. Agronomy 11:2076

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bakhoum GS, Sadak MS, Badr EAEM (2020) Mitigation of adverse effects of salinity stress on sunflower plant (Helianthus annuus L.) by exogenous application of chitosan. Bull Natl Res Cent 44:79–90. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-020-00343-7

  • Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil 39:205–207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batista-Sánchez D, Nieto-Garibay A, Alcaraz-Meléndez L, Troyo-Diéguez E, Hernández-Montiel L, Ojeda-Silvera CM, Murillo-Amador B (2015) Use of FitoMas-E® to mitigate saline stress (NaCl) during emergence and early growth of Ocimum basilicum L. Nov Sci 7:265–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bray HG, Thorpe WV (1954) Analysis of phenolic compounds of interest in metabolism. Methods Biochem Anal 1:27–52

  • Carmona-Ribeiro AM, Prieto T, Nantes IL (2015) Nanostructures for Peroxidases. Front Mol Biosci 2:50

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chance B, Maehly AC (1955) [136] Assay of catalases and peroxidases

  • Cho KH, Beon M-S, Jeong J-C (2018) Dynamics of soil salinity and vegetation in a reclaimed area in Saemangeum, Republic of Korea. Geoderma 321:42–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Choudhary S, Zehra A, Mukarram M, Naeem M, Khan M, Hakeem KR, Aftab T (2021) An insight into the role of plant growth regulators in stimulating abiotic stress tolerance in some medicinally important plants. Plant Growth Regulators: Signalling under Stress Conditions. Springer, pp 75–100

  • Chowdhury FMT, Halim MA, Hossain F, Akhtar N (2018) Effects of sodium chloride on germination and seedling growth of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Jahangirnagar Univ J Biol Sci 7:35–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Darwesh RSS (2013) Improving growth of date palm plantlets grown under salt stress with yeast and amino acids applications. Ann Agric Sci 58:247–256

  • Demiral MA (2017) Effect of salt stress on concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in root and leaf of strawberry plant. Eurasian J Soil Sci 6:357–364

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Diego N, Spíchal L (2020) Use of plant metabolites to mitigate stress effects in crops. Chem Biol Plant Biostimulants 261–300

  • Duarte B, Santos D, Marques JC, Cašador I (2013) Ecophysiological adaptations of two halophytes to salt stress: photosynthesis, PS II photochemistry and anti-oxidant feedback–implications for resilience in climate change. Plant Physiol Biochem 67:178–188

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ehtaiwesh AF, FH Rashed (2020) Growth and yield responses of Libyan hard wheat (Triticum durum Desf) genotypes to salinity stress. Zawia Univ Bull 22:33–58

  • El-Badri AM, Batool M, Mohamed IAA, Wang Z, Khatab A, Sherif A, Ahmad H, Khan MN, Hassan HM, Elrewainy IM (2021) Antioxidative and metabolic contribution to salinity stress responses in two rapeseed cultivars during the early seedling stage. Antioxidants 10:1227

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • El-Banna MF, Al-Huqail AA, Farouk S, Belal BEA, El-Kenawy MA, El-Khalek AFA (2022) morpho-physiological and anatomical alterations of salt-affected thompson seedless grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) to Brassinolide Spraying. Horticulturae 8(7):568. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070568

  • Etesami H, Fatemi H, Rizwan M (2021) Interactions of nanoparticles and salinity stress at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels in plants: A review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 225:112769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112769

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farhat F, Arfan M, Tariq A, Riaz R, Naila H (2021) Moringa leaf extract and ascorbic acid evoke potentially beneficial antioxidants especially phenolics in wheat grown under cadmium stress. Pak J Bot 53:2033–2040

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farhat F, Arfan M, Wang X, Tariq A, Kamran M, Tabassum HN, Tariq I, Mora-Poblete F, Iqbal R, El-Sabrout AM (2022) The impact of bio-stimulants on Cd-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Insights into growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, Cd accumulation, and osmolyte regulation. Front Plant Sci 13:850567

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cheema ZA, Farooq M, Khaliq A (2013) Application of allelopathy in crop production: success story from Pakistan. Allelopathy: Current Trends and Future Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 113–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30595-5_6

  • Farouk S, Al-Huqail AA (2022) Sustainable biochar and/or melatonin improve salinity tolerance in borage plants by modulating osmotic adjustment, antioxidants, and ion homeostasis. Plants 11:1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11060765

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foidl N, Makkar HPS, Becker K (2001) The potential of moringa oleifera for agricultural and industrial uses. What development potential for moringa products 20:45–76

  • Giannopolitis CN, Ries SK (1977) Superoxide dismutases: II. Purification and quantitative relationship with water-soluble protein in seedlings. Plant Physiol 59:315–318

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gill SS, Tuteja N (2010) Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 48:909–930

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez KA, Gomez AA (1984) Statistical procedures for agricultural research. John Wiley & Sons

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory PJ, Ismail S, Razaq IB, Wahbi A (2018) Soil salinity: current status and in depth analyses for sustainable use. Chapter 2; International Atomic Energy Agency: Vienna, Austria, pp 4–11

  • Grieve CM, Grattan SR (1983) Rapid assay for determination of water soluble quaternary ammonium compounds. Plant Soil 70:303–307. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02374789

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hafeez MB, Raza A, Zahra N, Shaukat K, Akram MZ, Iqbal S, Basra SMA (2021) Gene regulation in halophytes in conferring salt tolerance. Handbook of bioremediation: Physiological, Molecular and Biotechnological Interventions. Academic Press, pp 341–370

  • Hamilton PB, Van Slyke DD (1943) the gasometric determination of free amino acids in blood filtrates by the ninhydrin-carbon dioxide method. J Biol Chem 150:231–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)51268-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hassan F, Al-Yasi H, Ali E, Alamer K, Hessini K, Attia H, El-Shazly S (2020) Mitigation of salt-stress effects by moringa leaf extract or salicylic acid through motivating antioxidant machinery in damask rose. Can J Plant Sci 101:157–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath RL, Packer L (1968) Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 125:189–198

  • Hurtado AC, Chiconato DA, de Mello PR, da Junior G, SS, Felisberto G, (2019) Silicon attenuates sodium toxicity by improving nutritional efficiency in sorghum and sunflower plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 142:224–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Iqbal MA (2014) Managing sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) nutrition with foliar application of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Leaf Extract. Am J Agric Environ Sci 14:1339–1345

    Google Scholar 

  • Iqbal J, Irshad J, Bashir S, Khan S, Yousaf M, Shah AN (2020) Comparative study of water extracts of Moringa leaves and roots to improve the growth and yield of sunflower. South African J Bot 129:221–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.06.032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isayenkov SV, Maathuis FJM (2019) Plant salinity stress: many unanswered questions remain. Front Plant Sci 10:80

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jahan MS, Guo S, Sun J, Shu S, Wang Y, Abou El-Yazied A, Alabdallah NM, Hikal M, Mohamed MHM, Ibrahim MFM (2021) Melatonin-mediated photosynthetic performance of tomato seedlings under high-temperature stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 167:309–320

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Javaid T, Farooq MA, Akhtar J, Saqib ZA, Anwar-ul-Haq M (2019) Silicon nutrition improves growth of salt-stressed wheat by modulating flows and partitioning of Na+, Cl− and mineral ions. Plant Physiol Biochem 141:291–299

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaya MD, Akdoğan G, Kulan EG, Dağhan H, Sari A (2019) Salinity tolerance classification of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) by cluster and principal component analysis. Appl Ecol Environ Res 17:3849–3857

    Google Scholar 

  • Keisham M, Mukherjee S, Bhatla SC (2018) Mechanisms of sodium transport in plants—progresses and challenges. Int J Mol Sci 19:647

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Khan S, Basra SMA, Afzal I, Nawaz M, Rehman HU (2017) Growth promoting potential of fresh and stored Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in improving seedling vigor, growth and productivity of wheat crop. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:27601–27612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0336-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan A, Khan AL, Muneer S, Kim YH, Al-Rawahi A, Al-Harrasi A (2019) Silicon and Salinity: Crosstalk in Crop-Mediated Stress Tolerance Mechanisms. Front Plant Sci 10:1–21. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan S, Basra SMA, Nawaz M, Hussain I, Foidl N (2020) Combined application of moringa leaf extract and chemical growth-promoters enhances the plant growth and productivity of wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.). South African J Bot 129:74–81

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan S, Ibrar D, Bashir S, Rashid N, Hasnain Z, Nawaz M, Al-Ghamdi AA, Elshikh MS, Dvořáčková H, Dvořáček J (2022) Application of moringa leaf extract as a seed priming agent enhances growth and physiological attributes of rice seedlings cultivated under water deficit regime. Plants 11:261

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Khedr AHA, Abbas MA, Wahid AAA, Quick WP, Abogadallah GM (2003) Proline induces the expression of salt-stress-responsive proteins and may improve the adaptation of Pancratium maritimum L. to salt-stress. J Exp Bot 54:2553–2562

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kosar F, Akram NA, Ashraf M, Ahmad A, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P (2021) Impact of exogenously applied trehalose on leaf biochemistry, achene yield and oil composition of sunflower under drought stress. Physiol Plant 172:317–333

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Latif HH, Mohamed HI (2016) Exogenous applications of moringa leaf extract effect on retrotransposon, ultrastructural and biochemical contents of common bean plants under environmental stresses. South African J Bot 106:221–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.07.010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maathuis FJM, Ahmad I, Patishtan J (2014) Regulation of Na+ fluxes in plants. Front Plant Sci 5:467

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Matthew A (2016) Moringa leaf extract on the growth and yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). ARPN J Agric Biol Sci 11:107–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Mittler R, Vanderauwera S, Gollery M, Van Breusegem F (2004) Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. Trends Plant Sci 9:490–498

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mona MA (2013) The potential of Moringa oleifera extract as a biostimulant in enhancing the growth, biochemical and hormonal contents in rocket (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa) plants. Int J Plant Physiol Biochem 5:42–49. https://doi.org/10.5897/ijppb2012.026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mostajeran A, Rahimi-Eichi V (2009) Effects of drought stress on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars and accumulation of proline and soluble sugars in sheath and blades of their different ages leaves. Agric Environ Sci 5:264–272

  • Nandi A, Yan L-J, Jana CK, Das N (2019) Role of catalase in oxidative stress-and age-associated degenerative diseases. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019:

  • Nawaz H, Yasmeen A, Anjum MA, Hussain N (2016) Exogenous application of growth enhancers mitigate water stress in wheat by antioxidant elevation. Front Plant Sci 7:597

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nawaz I, Iqbal M, Bliek M, Schat H (2017) Salt and heavy metal tolerance and expression levels of candidate tolerance genes among four extremophile Cochlearia species with contrasting habitat preferences. Sci Total Environ 584:731–741

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Negrão S, Schmöckel SM, Tester M (2017) Evaluating physiological responses of plants to salinity stress. Ann Bot 119:1–11

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noreen S, Faiz S, Akhter MS, Shah KH (2019) Influence of foliar application of osmoprotectants to ameliorate salt stress in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Sarhad J Agric 35:1316–1325

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul PLC, Bell RW, Barrett-Lennard EG, Kabir E (2020) Variation in the yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) due to differing tillage systems is associated with variation in solute potential of the soil solution in a salt-affected coastal region of the Ganges Delta. Soil Tillage Res 197:104489

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramadan AA, AbdElhamid EM, Sadak MS (2019) Comparative study for the effect of arginine and sodium nitroprusside on sunflower plants grown under salinity stress conditions. Bull Natl Res Cent 43:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasheed R, Parveen A, Riaz M, Arif MS, Hussain I, Firdous S, Iqbal M, Ashraf MA (2019) Soil biochar ameliorates salinity stress and improves nutrient uptake, biomass production and physiochemical parameters in sunflower. Inter J Agric Biol 22:1663–1674

    Google Scholar 

  • Rashid N, Khan S, Wahid A, Basra SMA, Alwahibi MS, Jacobsen S (2021) Impact of natural and synthetic growth enhancers on the productivity and yield of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) cultivated under normal and late sown circumstances. J Agron Crop Sci 208:552–566

    Google Scholar 

  • Saberali SF, Moradi M (2019) Effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth of Trigonella foenum-graecum, Dracocephalum moldavica, Satureja hortensis and Anethum graveolens. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci 18:316–323

    Google Scholar 

  • Saleem M, Asghar HN, Zahir ZA, Shahid M (2018) Impact of lead tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on growth, physiology, antioxidant activities, yield and lead content in sunflower in lead contaminated soil. Chemosphere 195:606–614

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarker U, Oba S (2018) Response of nutrients, minerals, antioxidant leaf pigments, vitamins, polyphenol, flavonoid and antioxidant activity in selected vegetable amaranth under four soil water content. Food Chem 252:72–83

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarker U, Islam MT, Oba S (2018) Salinity stress accelerates nutrients, dietary fiber, minerals, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in Amaranthus tricolor leaves. PLoS ONE 13:e0206388

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sarker U, Oba S (2020) The response of salinity stress-induced A. tricolor to growth, anatomy, physiology, non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. Front Plant Sci 11:559876. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.559876

  • Seleiman MF, Aslam MT, Alhammad BA, Hassan MU, Maqbool R, Chattha MU, Khan I, Gitari HI, Uslu OS, Rana R (2022) Salinity stress in wheat: Effects, mechanisms and management strategies. Phyton (b Aires) 91:667

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen A, Johnson R, Puthur JT (2021) Seed priming: A cost-effective strategy to impart abiotic stress tolerance. Plant Performance Under Environmental Stress: Hormones, Biostimulants and Sustainable Plant Growth Management. Springer, Cham, pp 459–480. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78521-5_18

  • Sharma P, Jha AB, Dubey RS, Pessarakli M (2012) Reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, and antioxidative defense mechanism in plants under stressful conditions. J Bot 2012:1–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma A, Shahzad B, Kumar V, Kohli SK, Sidhu GPS, Bali AS, Handa N, Kapoor D, Bhardwaj R, Zheng B (2019) Phytohormones regulate accumulation of osmolytes under abiotic stress. Biomolecules 9(7):285. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9070285

  • Shields R, Burnett W (1960) Determination of protein-bound carbohydrate in serum by modified anthrone method. Anal Chem 32:885–886

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shrivastava P, Kumar R (2015) Soil salinity: A serious environmental issue and plant growth promoting bacteria as one of the tools for its alleviation. Saudi J Biol Sci 22:123–131

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqi EH, Ashraf M, Akram NA (2007) Variation in seed germination and seedling growth in some diverse lines of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under salt stress. Pak J Bot 39:1937–1944

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh K, Prakash R, Sangwan PS, Sangwan A, Chaudhary K (2019) Tolerance of chloride salinity levels on seed germination, mineral composition, quality and yield in different sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes. J Soil Salin Water Qual 11:210–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Skoog DA, West DM, Holler FJ (1990) Analytical chemistry: an introduction

  • Stagos D (2019) Antioxidant activity of polyphenolic plant extracts. Antioxidants 9:19

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sultana A, Rahman K (2013) Portulaca oleracea Linn. A global Panacea with ethno-medicinal and pharmacological potential. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 5:33–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki K, Yamaji N, Costa A, Okuma E, Kobayashi NI, Kashiwagi T, Katsuhara M, Wang C, Tanoi K, Murata Y (2016) OsHKT1; 4-mediated Na+ transport in stems contributes to Na+ exclusion from leaf blades of rice at the reproductive growth stage upon salt stress. BMC Plant Biol 16:1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Taha RS (2016) Improving salt tolerance of Helianthus annuus (L.) plants by Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Egypt J Agron 38:117–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Taher M, Beyaz R, Javani M, Gürsoy M, Yildiz M (2018) Morphological and biochemical changes in response to salinity in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) cultivars. Ital J Agron 13:141–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Talaat NB, Shawky BT (2014) Protective effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants exposed to salinity. Environ Exp Bot 98:20–31

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanou G, Molassiotis A, Diamantidis G (2009) Induction of reactive oxygen species and necrotic death-like destruction in strawberry leaves by salinity. Environ Exp Bot 65:270–281

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tariq A, Shahbaz M (2020) Glycinebetaine induced modulation in oxidative defense system and mineral nutrients sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under saline regimes. Pak J Bot 52:775–782

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Velikova V, Yordanov I, Edreva A (2000) Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid raintreated bean plants: protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Sci 151:59–66

  • Westerman RL (1991) Soil testing and plant analysis

  • Wu H, Zhang X, Giraldo JP, Shabala S (2018) It is not all about sodium: revealing tissue specificity and signalling roles of potassium in plant responses to salt stress. Plant Soil 431:1–17

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yap Y-K, El-Sherif F, Habib ES, Khattab S (2021) Moringa oleifera leaf extract enhanced growth, yield, and silybin content while mitigating salt-induced adverse effects on the growth of Silybum marianum. Agronomy 11:2500

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yaseen R, Zafar-ul-Hye M, Hussain M (2019) Integrated application of ACC-deaminase containing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and biogas slurry improves the growth and productivity of wheat under drought stress. Int J Agric Biol 21:869–878

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yasmeen A, Basra SMA, Farooq M, Hussain N (2013) Exogenous application of moringa leaf extract modulates the antioxidant enzyme system to improve wheat performance under saline conditions. Plant Growth Regul 69:225–233

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaman S, Bilal M, Du H, Che S (2020) Morphophysiological and comparative metabolic profiling of purslane genotypes (Portulaca oleracea L.) under salt stress. Biomed Res Int 2020:4827045. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4827045

  • Zhang Z, Mao C, Shi Z, Kou X (2017) The amino acid metabolic and carbohydrate metabolic pathway play important roles during salt-stress response in tomato. Front Plant Sci 8:1231

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhishen J, Mengcheng T, Jianming W (1999) The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem 64:555–559

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zulfiqar F, Casadesús A, Brockman H, Munné-Bosch S (2020) An overview of plant-based natural biostimulants for sustainable horticulture with a particular focus on moringa leaf extracts. Plant Sci 295:110194

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

    Fozia Farhat, Nadra Ashaq, Shameem Raja & Arneeb Tariq

  2. Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Ali Noman

  3. State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China

    Muhammad Aqeel

  4. Government Municipal Degree College, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

    Rashda Naheed

  5. Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

    Muhammad Faisal Maqsood

  6. Oilseeds Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

    Ijaz Haider

Authors
  1. Fozia Farhat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nadra Ashaq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ali Noman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Muhammad Aqeel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Shameem Raja
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Rashda Naheed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Muhammad Faisal Maqsood
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Ijaz Haider
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Arneeb Tariq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Fozia Farhat or Arneeb Tariq.

Ethics declarations

Competing Interests

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 2230 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Farhat, F., Ashaq, N., Noman, A. et al. Exogenous Application of Moringa Leaf Extract Confers Salinity Tolerance in Sunflower by Concerted Regulation of Antioxidants and Secondary Metabolites. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 23, 3806–3822 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01301-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01301-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation