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Larvicidal potential of some plant extracts against Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae)

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Abstract

Insecticide based vector control intervention is threatening with the emergence and spread of resistant vectors. The development of other eco-friendly and cost effective vector control tools is required to alleviate this problem. In this study, five selected plant leaf extracts were evaluated for their larvicidal activities against 3rd instar An. arabiensis larvae at concentrations ranging from 50 to 300 ppm following the WHO protocol. The best performing extract was subjected to bioassay-guided column chromatographic fractionation and all fractions were tested separately for their larvicidal activities. All the plant extracts were found to have potential larvicidal activities against 3rd instar An. arabiensis larvae. Methanol crude extract of Calpurnia aurea achieved 100% larval mortality at 300 ppm with LC50 of 84.85 ppm while less activity was observed for methanol crude extract of Artemisia annua, 68% larval mortality at 300 ppm. Column chromatographic fractions F1and F3 of methanol extract of C. aurea caused 100% mortality at 250 and 300 ppm with LC50 of 62.51 and 82.33 ppm, respectively. The present study revealed that column chromatographic fractions F1 and F3 of methanol extract of C. aurea caused a remarkable larvicidal activity against An. arabiensis demonstrating a high potential for botanical mosquito insecticide development.

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Data Availability

The data sets used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to the Department of Zoological Sciences of Addis Ababa University for financial support. Ethiopian Public Health Institute –Traditional & Modern Medicine Research Directorate & Public Health Entomology Research Team are also acknowledged for their provision of the required equipment & access the laboratory. Mr. Fitsum Tesfaye, Mrs. Genet Nigatu and Mrs. Asnaku Adera are appreciated for their assistance in mosquito rearing.

Funding

Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O.BOX 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Araya Eukubay, Eyob Debebe & Mamuye Hadis

  2. Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Emana Getu

Authors
  1. Araya Eukubay
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  2. Emana Getu
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  3. Eyob Debebe
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  4. Mamuye Hadis
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Contributions

AE conceived the study and wrote up the proposal. MH revised the proposal, supervised the study and revised the manuscript critically. AE carried the experiment, collected and interpreted the data and wrote the manuscript. EG supervised the study and revised the manuscript critically. ED participated in plant leaf extraction, column chromatographic fractionation of the extracts and write up of the manuscript. All authors approved the final version for submission.

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Correspondence to Araya Eukubay.

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Eukubay, A., Getu, E., Debebe, E. et al. Larvicidal potential of some plant extracts against Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). Int J Trop Insect Sci 41, 479–485 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00229-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00229-1

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