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Larvicidal, oviposition, and ovicidal effects of Artemisia annua (Asterales: Asteraceae) against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles sinensis, and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

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Abstract

This study focuses on the larvicidal, oviposition, and ovicidal effects of a crude extract of Artemisia annua against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles sinensis, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Dried cells of Artemisia annua from cell suspension cultures were extracted using hexane. The extract showed moderate larvicidal effects against mosquitoes. At 24-h post treatment, the LC50 values for Anopheles sinensis, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus were recorded as 244.55, 276.14, and 374.99 ppm, respectively. The percentage mortality of larvae was directly proportional to the tested concentration. Anopheles sinensis was found to be the most susceptible species, whereas Culex quinquefasciatus was the most tolerant to the Artemisia annua extract. The results indicated that the Artemisia annua extract showed concentration-dependent oviposition deterrent activity and had a strong deterrent effect. At 500 ppm, the percentage effective repellency was more than 85 % compared with the control group for all the species, with oviposition activity index values of −0.94, −0.95, and −0.78 for Aedes aegypti, Anopheles sinensis, and Culex quinquefasciatus, respectively. In the ovicidal assay, the percentage hatchability of eggs after treatment with 500 ppm of Artemisia annua extract was significantly lower than the control, with values of 48.84 ± 4.08, 38.42 ± 3.67, and 79.35 ± 2.09 % for Aedes aegypti, Anopheles sinensis, and Culex quinquefasciatus, respectively. Artemisia annua was found to be more effective against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles sinensis compared with Culex quinquefasciatus. This study indicated that crude extract of A. annua could be a potential alternative for use in vector management programs.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Vector Control Research Unit (VCRU) staff for their technical assistance. S-X Cheah was supported under the Agricultural Crop Trust (ACT) and J-W Tay was supported under the USM Fellowship Scheme. This research was funded by Universiti Sains Malaysia Postgraduate Research Scheme USM-RU-PRGS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    Shao-Xiong Cheah & Zairi Jaal

  2. Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    Jia-Wei Tay

  3. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    Lai-Keng Chan

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  1. Shao-Xiong Cheah
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  2. Jia-Wei Tay
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  3. Lai-Keng Chan
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  4. Zairi Jaal
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Correspondence to Zairi Jaal.

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Cheah, SX., Tay, JW., Chan, LK. et al. Larvicidal, oviposition, and ovicidal effects of Artemisia annua (Asterales: Asteraceae) against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles sinensis, and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 112, 3275–3282 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3506-0

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