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Extraction and characterization of natural hydroxyapatite derived from animal bones using the thermal treatment process

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Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a phosphocalcic biomaterial commonly applied in bone implants because of its high similarity to the natural bone in its composition and osteoconductive properties. The present study is designed to study the Physico-chemical properties of different bone samples, including bovine, ovine, and chicken, exposed to two different temperatures of calcination: 600 and 1000 °C. For this purpose, chemical analysis (ICP-AES), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) have been employed. The outcomes of the physical–chemical analyses confirm that the prepared biomaterial from the calcined bones is hydroxylapatite (HAp). At 1000 °C, a complete decomposition of the carbonate occurred and therefore an apatitic structure was formed. However, the FT-IR spectra display the existence of hydroxyl (OH-) and phosphate (PO43-) groups. XRD results indicate that the crystalline phase produced during the thermal decomposition of bone powders at 1000 °C corresponds to HAp. Thus, the crystal size and the crystallinity degree rise gradually with the temperature of calcination. The chemical analysis of the bone samples reports the dominance of the elements P and Ca forming a Ca/P ratio corresponding to the Ca/P molar ratio of non-stoichiometric HAp. These analyses clearly show that the hydroxyapatite from animal bones is physicochemically similar to the standard hydroxyapatite, and could be used as biomaterial in bone grafting and other biomedical applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Engineering, Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco

    Ibrahim Atemni, Redouane Ouafi, Kaoutar Hjouji, Imane Mehdaoui, Mustapha Taleb & Zakia Rais

  2. Superior School of Technology, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, PB 170, 54000, Khenifra, Morocco

    Ayoub Ainane & Tarik Ainane

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  1. Ibrahim Atemni
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Atemni, I., Ouafi, R., Hjouji, K. et al. Extraction and characterization of natural hydroxyapatite derived from animal bones using the thermal treatment process. emergent mater. 6, 551–560 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-022-00444-1

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