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Effect of Cellulose Microfibers from Sugar Beet Pulp By-product on the Reinforcement of HDPE Composites Prepared by Twin‐screw Extrusion and Injection Molding

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Abstract

The aims of this work turn towards the valorization of the underutilized Raw Sugar Beet Pulp by-product to produce white Cellulose Microfibers (CMFs), and its potential effect as a reinforcement for the development of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) composites. Pure CMFs were first obtained by subjecting raw SBP to alkali and bleaching treatments. Several characterization techniques were performed to confirm the successful removal of the amorphous compounds from the surface of individual fibers, including SEM, XRD, TGA, and FT-IR analysis. Various CMF loadings (5–10 wt%) were incorporated as bio-fillers into HDPE polymer to evaluate their reinforcing ability in comparison to raw and alkali-treated SBP using twin-screw extrusion followed by injection molding. Styrene–(Ethylene–Butene)–Styrene Three-Block Co-Polymer Grafted with Maleic Anhydride was used as a compatibilizer to improve the interfacial adhesion between fibers and the matrix. Thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of the produced composite samples were investigated. It was found that the Young’s modulus were gradually increased with increasing of fibers loadings, with a maximum increase of 30% and 26% observed for composite containing 10 wt% of CMFs and raw SBP, respectively, over neat HDPE. While, the use of coupling agent enhances the ductile behavior of the composites. It was also found that all fiber improves the hardness and toughness behavior of all reinforced composites as well as the complex modulus particularly at 10 wt%. The thermal stability slightly increases with the addition of fibers. This study demonstrates a new route for the valorization of SBP by-products. These fibers can be considered as a valuable bio-fillers candidate for the development of composite materials with enhanced properties.

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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Analysis and Characterization center (CAC) at Cady Ayyad University; Marrakech; Morocco. The financial assistance of the Moroccan National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST) toward this research is hereby acknowledged. Thanks to Abou El Kacem QAISS from Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR) for his help to elaborate and characterize all our composites.

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The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Chemical Processes and Applied Materials, Poly Disciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 592, Beni-Mellal, Morocco

    Abdelghani Boussetta, Anass Ait Benhamou & Amine Moubarik

  2. Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco

    Anass Ait Benhamou

  3. Materials Science and Process Optimization Laboratory, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco

    Anass Ait Benhamou

  4. Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain

    Francisco J. Barba

  5. Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de CompiègneLaboratoire Transformations Intégrées de La Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de recherches Royallieu, CS 60 319, 60 203, Compiègne Cedex, France

    Nabil Grimi

  6. Campus Isla Teja, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile

    Mario J. Simirgiotis

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Boussetta, A., Benhamou, A.A., Barba, F.J. et al. Effect of Cellulose Microfibers from Sugar Beet Pulp By-product on the Reinforcement of HDPE Composites Prepared by Twin‐screw Extrusion and Injection Molding. J Bionic Eng 20, 349–365 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-022-00260-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-022-00260-7

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