Skip to main content
Log in

Inorganic-organic hybrid materials and their adsorbent properties

  • Review
  • Published:
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Owing to their unique chemical and physical properties, inorganic-organic hybrid materials have been used in many application fields. In this paper, I have summarized the synthesis and characterization of various inorganic-organic hybrid materials with representative examples from my previous studies. These hybrid materials were used as adsorbents in heavy metal adsorption processes in order to solve metal pollution which is one of the most important environmental problems in the world. This review highlights the operation conditions such as pH, required dose, initial concentration, temperature, and treatment performance. Also, adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics are reviewed. This knowledge will provide the basis for the researchers who seek the new synthesis and application of hybrid materials in the future.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Scheme 1
Scheme 2
Scheme 3
Scheme 4
Scheme 5
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Barakat MA (2011) New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Arab J Chem 4:361–377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Gupta VK, Carrott PJM, Ribeiro Carrott MML, Suhas (2009) Low-cost adsorbents: growing approach to wastewater treatment—a review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 39:783–842

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Samiey B, Cheng CH, Wu J (2014) Organic-inorganic hybrid polymers as adsorbents for removal of heavy metal ions from solutions: a review. Materials 7:673–726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ng NT, Kamaruddin AF, Wan Ibrahim WA, Sanagi MM, Abdul Keyon AS (2018) Advances in organic–inorganic hybrid sorbents for the extraction of organic and inorganic pollutants in different types of food and environmental samples. J Sep Sci 41:195–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Mahmoud A, Hoadley AF (2012) An evaluation of a hybrid ion exchange electrodialysis process in the recovery of heavy metals from simulated dilute industrial wastewater. Water Res 46:3364–3376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Wdjtowicz A, Stokμosa A (2002) Removal of heavy metal ions on smectite ion-exchange column. Pol J Environ Stud 11:97–101

    Google Scholar 

  7. Esalah OJ, Weber ME, Vera JH (2000) Removal of lead, cadmium and zinc from aqueous solutions by precipitation with sodium di-(n-octyl) phosphinate. Can J Chem Eng 78:948–954

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Taty-Costodes VC, Fauduet H, Porte C, and Delacroix A (2003) Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions, from aqueous solutions, by adsorption onto sawdust of Pinus sylvestris. J Hazard Mater B105:121–142

  9. Lertlapwasin R, Bhawawet N, Imyim A, Fuangswasdi S (2010) Ionic liquid extraction of heavy metal ions by 2-aminothiophenol in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and their association constants. Sep Purif Technol 72:70–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Yun HC, Prasad R, Guha AK, Sirkar KK (1993) Hollow fiber solvent extraction removal of toxic heavy metals from aqueous waste streams. Ind Eng Chem Res 32:1186–1195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Emamjomeh MM, Sivakumar M (2009) Review of pollutants removed by electrocoagulation and electrocoagulation/flotation processes. J Environ Manag 90:1663–1679

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yurloval L, Kryvoruchko A, Kornilovich B (2002) Removal of Ni (II) ions from wastewater by micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration. Desalination 144:255–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Rubio J, Souza ML, Smith RW (2002) Overview of flotation as a wastewater treatment technique. Miner Eng 15:139–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Yuan XZ, Meng YT, Zeng GM, Fang YY, Shi JG (2008) Evaluation of tea-derived biosurfactant on removing heavy metal ions from dilute wastewater by ion flotation. Colloids Surf A: Physicochem Eng Aspects 317:256–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ghurye G, Clifford D, Tripp A (2004) Iron coagulation and direct microfiltration to remove arsenic from groundwater. J Am Water Works Assoc 96:143–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Pang FM, Kumar P, Teng TT, Omar AM, Wasewar KL (2011) Removal of lead, zinc and iron by coagulation–flocculation. J Taiwan Institute of Chem Eng 42:809–815

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Borhade AV, Dholi AG, Wakchaure SG, Tope DR (2012) Chemical modification of coal fly ash into iodate sodalite and its use for the removal of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ from their aqueous solutions. Desalin Water Treat 50:157–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Moradinasab S, Behzad M (2016) Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution using Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with Schiff base ligand. DesWater Treat 57(9):4028–4036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ghaedi M, Tashkhourian J, Montazerozohori M, Soylak M (2013) Silver nanoparticle loaded on activated carbon and activated carbon modified with 2-(4- isopropylbenzylideneamino)thiophenol (IPBATP) as new sorbents for trace metal ions enrichment. Inter J Environ Anal Chem 93:386–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Niu Y, Qu R, Sun C, Wang C, Chen H, Ji C, Bu F (2013) Adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by silica-gel supported hyperbranched polyamidoamine den-drimers. J Hazard Mater 15:276–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Singh V, Pandey S, Singh SK, Sanghi R (2009) Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by adsorption using poly (acrylamide) modified guar gum-silica nanocomposites. Sep Purif Technol 67:251–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Hossain MA, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Setiadi T (2012) Adsorption and desorption of copper(II) ions onto garden grass. Bioresour Technol 121:386–395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Jha IN, Iyengar L, Rao AP (1988) Removal of cadmium using chitosan. J Environ Eng 114:962–974

  24. Phan NH, Rio S, Faur C, Le Coq L, Le Cloirec P, Nguyen TH (2006) Production of fibrous activated carbons from natural cellulose (jute, coconut) fibers for water treatment applications. Carbon 44:2569–2577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sharma P, Kaur H, Sharma M, Sahore V (2011) A review on applicability of naturally available adsorbents for the removal of hazardous dyes from aqueous waste. Environ Monit Assess 183:151–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Xu X, Zhang H, Ma C, Gu H, Lou H, Lyu S, Gu J (2018) A superfast hexavalent chromium scavenger: magnetic nanocarbon bridged nanomagnetite network with excellent recyclability. J Hazard Mater 353:166–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Gu H, Xu X, Zhang H, Liang C, Han L, Ma C, Li Y, Guo Z, Gu J (2018) Chitosan-coated-magnetite with covalently grafted polystyrene based carbon nanocomposites for hexavalent chromium adsorption. Engineered Sci 1:46–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Delkash M, Bakhshayesh BE, Kazemian H (2015) Using zeolitic adsorbents to cleanup special wastewater streams: a review. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 214:224–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Weng CH, Tsai CZ, Chu SH, Sharma YC (2007) Adsorption characteristics of copper (II) onto spent activated clay. Sep Purif Technol 54:187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Baraka A, Hall PJ, Heslop MJ (2007) Preparation and characterization of melamine–formaldehyde–DTPA chelating resin and its use as an adsorbent for heavy metals removal from wastewater. React Funct Polym 67:585–600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Da’na E, Sayari A (2012) Adsorption of heavy metals on amine-functionalized SBA-15 prepared by co-condensation: applications to real water samples. Desalination 285:62–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Prakash S, Kumar M, Tripathi BP, Shahi VK (2010) Sol–gel derived poly(vinyl alcohol)-3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyl trimethoxysilane: cross-linked organic–inorganic hybrid beads for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. Chem Eng J 162:28–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Li F, Du P, Chen W, Zhang S (2006) Preparation of silica-supported porous sorbent for heavy metal ions removal in wastewater treatment by organic–inorganic hybridization combined with sucrose and polyethylene glycol imprinting. Anal Chim Acta 585:211–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Jin X, Li Y, Yu C, Ma Y, Yang L, Hu H (2011a) Synthesis of novel inorganic–organic hybrid materials for simultaneous adsorption of metal ions and organic molecules in aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 198:247–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Mahmoud ME, Hafez OF, Alrefaay A, Osman MM (2010) Performance evaluation of hybrid inorganic / organic adsorbents in removal and preconcentration of heavy metals from drinking and industrial waste water. Desalination 253:9–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Repo E, Warchoł JK, Bhatnagar A, Sillanpää M (2011) Heavy metals adsorption by novel EDTA-modified chitosan-silica hybrid materials. J Colloid Interface Sci 358:261–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Silva FA, Chagas-Silva FA, Florenzano FH, Pissetti FL (2016) Poly (dimethylsiloxane) and poly [vinyltrimethoxysilane-co-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate] based cross-linked organic-inorganic hybrid adsorbent for copper (II) removal from aqueous solutions. J Braz Chem Soc 27:2181–2191

    Google Scholar 

  38. Todorova E, Chernev G, Okolie N, Salvado IM (2015) Structure and properties of innovative silica hybrid materials synthesized for environmental applications. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 29(sup1):44–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Yang XY, Chen LH, Li Y, Rooke JC, Sanchez C, Su BL (2017) Hierarchically porous materials: synthesis strategies and structure design. Chem Soc Rev 46:481–558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Kayan A, Arican MO, Boz Y, Ay U, Bozbas SK (2014) Novel tyrosine-containing inorganic–organic hybrid adsorbent in removal of heavy metal ions. J Environ Chem Eng 2:935–942

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Kayan A (2012a) Preparation, characterization and application of inorganic–organic hybrid polymers, poly-GPTS/M (CL)xO(OH). Ind Eng Chem Res 51:13339–13345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Kayan A (2012b) Polymerization of 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane with different catalysts. J Appl Polym Sci 123:3527–3534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Bozbas SK, Ay U, Kayan A (2013) Novel inorganic–organic hybrid polymers to remove heavy metals from aqueous solution. Desalin Water Treat 51:7208–7215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Kayan A (2015) Preparation, characterization and application of hybrid materials having multifunctional properties. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 1345–1352

  45. Kayan A (2016) Synthesis, characterization, and application of hybrid inorganic–organic composites (K/NaZrSi(R)Ox. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 26:640–647

  46. Nyquist RA (ed) (2001) Interpreting infrared, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, Vol 1. academic press.

  47. Davis SR, Brough AR, Atkinson A (2003) Formation of silica/epoxy hybrid network polymers. J Non-Cryst Solids 315:197–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Dhere SL (2015) Silica-zirconia alkali-resistant coatings by sol-gel route. Curr Sci 108:1647–1652

  49. De Lange MF, Vlugt TJH, Gascon J, Kapteijn F (2014) Adsorptive characterization of porous solids: Error analysis guides the way. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 200:199–215

  50. Sadhukhan B, Mondal NK, Chattoraj S (2016) Optimisation using central composite design (CCD) and the desirability function for sorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto Lemna major. Karbala Int J Modern Sci 2:145–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Şener M, Reddy DHK, Kayan B (2014) Biosorption properties of pretreated sporopollenin biomass for lead (II) and copper (II): application of response surface methodology. Ecological eng 68:200–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Bajpai S, Gupta SK, Apurba D, Jha MK, Bajpai V, Joshi S, Gupta A (2012) Application of central composite design approach for removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution using weakly anionic resin: modeling, optimization, and study of interactive variables. J Hazard Mater 227:436–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Giovanni M (1983) Response surface methodology and product optimization. Food Technol 37:41–83

    Google Scholar 

  54. Gupta P, Nayak KK (2016) Optimization of keratin/ alginate scaffold using RSM and its characterization for tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromole 85:141–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Rashid EM, Khan F (2014) Removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions using hybrid organic–inorganic composite material: Zr (IV) iodosulphosalicylate. J Water Process Eng 3:53–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Cerrahoğlu E, Kayan A, Bingöl D (2018) Multivariate optimization for removal of some heavy metals using novel inorganic–organic hybrid and calcined materials. Sep Sci Technol 53(16):2563–2572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Cerrahoğlu E, Kayan A, Bingöl D (2017) New inorganic–organic hybrid materials and their oxides for removal of heavy metal ions: response surface methodology approach. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 27(2):427–435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Freundlich H (1907) Über die adsorption in lösungen. Z Phys Chem 57:385–470

    Google Scholar 

  59. Langmuir I (1916) The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. Part I. Solids. J Am Chem Soc 38:2221–2295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Ho YS, McKay G (1999) Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes. Process Biochem 34:451–465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Lagergren S (1898) Zur Theorie der sogenannten Adsorption gelöster Stoffe. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 24:1–39

  62. Arshadi M, Ghiaci M, Gil A (2011) Schiff base ligands immobilized on a nanosized SiO2-Al2O3 mixed oxide as adsorbents for heavy metals. Ind Eng Chem Res 50:13628–13635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Ciesielczyk F, Bartczak P, Klapiszewski Ł, Jesionowski T (2017) Treatment of model and galvanic waste solutions of copper (II) ions using a lignin/inorganic oxide hybrid as an effective sorbent. J Hazard Mater 328:150–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Erdem A, Ngwabebhoh FA, Çetintaş S, Bingöl D, Yildiz U (2017) Fabrication and characterization of novel macroporous jeffamine/diamino hexane cryogels for enhanced Cu (II) metal uptake: optimization, isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Chem Eng Res Des 117:122–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Fouladian HR, Behbahani M (2015) Solid phase extraction of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in food, soil, and water samples based on 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol- functionalized organic–inorganic meso-porous material with the aid of experimental design methodology. Food Anal Methods 8:982–993

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Gao B, Gao Y, Li Y (2010) Preparation and chelation adsorption property of composite chelating material poly(amidoxime)/SiO2 towards heavy metal ions. Chem Eng J 158:542–549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Islam MS, Rahaman MS, Yeum JH (2015) Phosphine-functionalized electrospun poly (vinyl alcohol)/silica nanofibers as highly effective adsorbent for removal of aqueous manganese and nickel ions. Colloids Surf A: Physicochem Eng Aspects 484:9–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Jiang Y, Gao Q, Yu H, Chen Y, Deng F (2007) Intensively competitive adsorption for heavy metal ions by PAMAM-SBA-15 and EDTA-PAMAM-SBA-15 inorganic–organic hybrid materials. Microporous and Mesoporous Mater 103:316–324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Kołodyńska D, Kowalczyk M, Hubicki Z (2014) Evaluation of iron-based hybrid materials for heavy metal ions removal. J Mater Sci 49:2483–2495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Lee S, Kim N, Cho S, Ryu JC, Cho Y, Park JA, Choi JW (2017) Application of organic-inorganic hybrid composite particle for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution and its toxicity evaluation. Eur Polym J 95:335–347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Rahman N, Nasir M (2018) Application of Box–Behnken design and desirability function in the optimization of Cd (II) removal from aqueous solution using poly (o-phenylenediamine)/hydrous zirconium oxide composite: equilibrium modeling, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:26114–26134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2566-1.

  72. Xiang B, Ling D, Lou H, Gu H (2017) 3D hierarchical flower-like nickel ferrite/manganese dioxide toward lead (II) removal from aqueous water. J Hazard Mater 325:178–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Zhang Y, Wang X, Liu J, Wu L (2013) Removal of copper (Cu2+) from water using novel hybrid adsorbents: kinetics and isotherms. J Chem Eng Data 58:1141–1150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Mir SH, Nagahara LA, Thundat T, Mokarian-Tabari P, Furukawa H, Khosla A (2018) Organic-inorganic hybrid functional materials: an integrated platform for applied technologies. J Electrochem Soc 165:B3137–B3156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Jin X, Yu C, Li Y, Qi Y, Yang L, Zhao G, Hu H (2011b) Preparation of novel nano-adsorbent based on organic–inorganic hybrid and their adsorption for heavy metals and organic pollutants presented in water environment. J Hazard Mater 186:1672–1680

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the research foundation of Kocaeli University (Project Number 107/2017).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Asgar Kayan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kayan, A. Inorganic-organic hybrid materials and their adsorbent properties. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 2, 34–45 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-018-0073-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-018-0073-y

Keywords

Navigation