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Short-Term Effects of Operating Parameters and Wastewater Constituents on the Performance of Free-cell Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Scalindua Anammox Enrichment

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Abstract

Anammox, is a state-of-art nitrogen removal technology for domestic and industrial wastewater treatment. Anaerobic chemolithoautotrophic Anammox species are quite sensitive to operating parameters and various inorganic and organic compounds. Previous Anammox research was mainly on mixed cultures including Ca.Brocadia and/or Ca.Kuenenia species that are abundant in domestic wastewater. Little information exists about the mixed Anammox cultures including Ca.Scalindua species known as marine Anammox species that also present in WWTPs receiving sea-water infiltrated sewage, saline-rich wastewater in coastal cities and saline-rich industrial wastewater. In this study, the influence of operating parameters and organic and inorganic wastewater constituents on the performance of mixed suspended Ca.Brocadia and Ca.Scalindua Anammox enrichment was evaluated based on Specific Anammox Activity (SAA). Response surface methodology was used to model the relationship between pH, DO and temperature changes with SAA. Optimum pH and temperature were identified as 7.36 and 32.70C, respectively. Short-term inhibitory (IC50) values of acetate, propionate and glucose were identified as 1000–1500, 3300 and 3600–5700 mg COD/L, respectively. NO2−-N caused Anammox inhibition above 50 mg/l. IC50 values for SO42−, PO43−-P and K+ were determined as 3500 mg SO42−/L, 1384 mg PO43−-P/L and 2400 mg K+/L. The study provides a comprehensive insight into the tolerance of Ca.Brocadia and Ca.Scalindua enrichment against changing operational conditions and potential inhibiting compounds and facilitates optimization of operational strategies for the efficient performance of engineered Anammox systems. The findings will also contribute to future research activities that will focus on composite inhibitors and metabolic inhibition pathways.

Graphical abstract

Highlights

  • Optimum pH and temperature were found lower than the other Anammox species.

  • Oxygen tolerance was more than the other Anammox species.

  • Acetate was identified more inhibitory than propionate and glucose.

  • NO2−-N, which is the e- acceptor of Anammox, caused inhibition above 50 mg l-1.

  • IC50 values of SO42−, PO43−-P and K+ were identified.

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Abbreviations

Anammox:

Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation

Anova:

Analysis of Variance

Ar:

Argon

Ca.:

Candidatus

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

COD:

Chemical Oxygen Demand

DO:

Dissolved Oxygen

FA:

Free ammonia

FNA:

Free nitrous acid

FISH:

Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization

IC50 :

Inhibitory Concentration (50%)

K+ :

Potassium

MLVSS:

Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids

NH4 +-N:

Ammonium nitrogen

NO2 −-N:

Nitrite nitrogen

N2 :

Nitrogen gas

O2 :

Oxygen

PO4 3−-P:

Phosphate phosphorus

RSM:

Response Surface Methodology

So/Xo :

Initial substrate initial biomass ratio

SAA:

Specific Anammox Activity

SBR:

Sequencing Batch Reactor

SO4 2 − :

Sulfate

WWTP:

Wastewater treatment plant

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank TUBITAK (108Y120) and Marmara University Scientific Research and Projects Committee for funding this study. Special thanks to Hasan Oktem for laboratory analyses. The authors also acknowledge Assoc. Prof. Nur Orak for her help in Minitab runs and Assist. Prof. Esra Erkan and Env.Eng. Sümeyye Celik (M.Sc.) for their help in editing the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (grant number: 108Y120), Turkey; Marmara University Scientific Research and Projects Committee, Turkey.

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  1. Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Marmara University, Aydınevler, Istanbul, Turkey

    Bilge Alpaslan Kocamemi & Duygu Dityapak

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  1. Bilge Alpaslan Kocamemi
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Correspondence to Bilge Alpaslan Kocamemi.

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Alpaslan Kocamemi, B., Dityapak, D. Short-Term Effects of Operating Parameters and Wastewater Constituents on the Performance of Free-cell Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Scalindua Anammox Enrichment. Int J Environ Res 16, 72 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-022-00453-2

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