Abstract
The present investigation was targeted to remove radioactive strontium (Sr(II)) from synthetic solution using synthesized peanut shell activated biochar (PSABC). The biomass of peanut shells was pyrolyzed at 400 °C for 30 min and then activated with KOH. The surface area and pore volume of PSABC were estimated by BET method. Characterization of prepared PSABC was executed by BET, FTIR, SEM, and EDS analysis. The responsible functional groups for adsorption of Sr(II) onto PSABC were investigated using FTIR and the adsorption was confirmed by SEM and EDS analysis. RSM-based CCD was used to scrutinize the effective parameters. Based on the results, the maximum % removal (99.02) of Sr(II) was attained at optimum conditions, i.e., pH: 4.92, Biosorbent dosage (BD):0.039 g and initial concentration (IC):0.54 mg/L. Freundlich model gave good fit to the equilibrium data with R2 = 0.99 and Sr(II) uptake potential predicted from Langmuir was 133.11 mg/g. Sr(II) adsorption kinetics were well correlated to pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic energy changes such as ∆G°, ∆H° and ∆S° were estimated and found that the process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The effect of coexisting ions on Sr(II) removal by PSABC was also studied and found that at PSABC is able to adsorb 53.55% Sr(II) at a highest Ca2+ concentration of 500 mg/L. Further, desorption study was conducted with five different desorbing solvents to estimate the ease of regeneration behavior of PSABC. Conclusively, the results revealed that PSABC is prominent and cheap biosorbent for removal of Sr (II) from aqueous medium.
Article Highlights
-
KOH activated biochar (PSABC) produced from agricultural waste was used to treat simulated radioactive wastewater.
-
Developed biochar was characterized using FTIR, SEM, and EDS to authenticate adsorption and also to disclose adsorption mechanism.
-
The maximum Sr(II) uptake by PSABC predicted using Freundlich model is 133.11 mg/g; kinetic and thermodynamic studies disclosed the process as feasible chemisorption.
-
PSABC is capable of removing more than 50% of Sr(II) in the presence of a very high Ca2+ concentration of 500 mg/L.
-
Desorption studies revealed that after desorption, the adsorbent can be used for several cycles.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of Data and Materials
Not applicable.
References
Abdollahi T, Towfighi J, Rezaei-Vahidian H (2020) Sorption of cesium and strontium ions by natural zeolite and management of produced secondary waste. Environ Technol Innov 17:100592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2019.100592
Ahmadi SJ, Akbari N, Shiri-Yekta Z, Mashhadizadeh MH, Hosseinpour M (2015) Removal of strontium ions from nuclear waste using synthesized MnO2-ZrO2 nano-composite by hydrothermal method in supercritical condition. Korean J Chem Eng 32(3):478–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-014-0249-2
Ahmadpour A, Zabihi M, Tahmasbi M, Bastami TR (2010) Effect of adsorbents and chemical treatments on the removal of strontium from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater 182:552–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.067
Ali MMS, Abdel-Galil EA, Hamed MM (2020) Removal of strontium radionuclides from liquid scintillation waste and environmental water samples. Appl Radiat Isot 166:109357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109357
Ambaye TG, Vaccari M, van Hullebusch ED, Amrane A, Rtimi S (2021) Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of biochar for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater. Int J Environ Sci Technol 18:3273–3294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-03060-w
Babu DJ, Rao TM, Sumalatha B, King P, Krupanidhi S (2020) Biosorption of copper (II) onto spent biomass of Gelidiella acerosa (brown marine algae): optimization and kinetic studies. Appl Water Sci 10:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-1125-3
Babu J, Sumalatha B, Venkateswrulu TC, Peele A (2021) Green treatment of chromium contaminated water using Spongomorpha indica. Reg Stud Mar 48: 102019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2021.102019
Chen B, Yuan M, Liu H (2011) Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution using plant residue materials as a biosorbent. J Hazard Mater 188:436–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.114
Dulla JB, Sumalatha B, King P, Kumar YP (2018) Investigation on biosorption of Cd (II) onto Gelidiella acerosa (brown algae): optimization (using RSM & ANN) and mechanistic studies. Desal Water Treat 107:195–206. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.22145
Faghihian H, Moayed M, Fiooz A, Iravani M (2013) Evaluation of a new magnetic zeolite composite for removal of Cs+ and Sr2+ from aqueous solutions: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. C R Chimie 17:108–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2013.02.006
Goyal N, Gao P, Wang Z, Cheng S, Ok YS, Li G, Liu L (2020) Nanostructured chitosan/molecular sieve-4A an emergent material for the synergistic adsorption of radioactive major pollutants cesium and strontium. J Hazard Mater 392:122494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122494
Hong HJ, Kim BG, Hong J, Ryu J, Ryu T, Chung KS, Kim H, Park IS (2017) Enhanced Sr adsorption performance of MnO2-alginate beads in seawater and evaluation of its mechanism. Chem Eng J 319:163–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.02.132
Hu Y, Guo X, Wang J (2020) Biosorption of Sr2+ and Cs+ onto Undaria pinnatifida: Isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Liq 319:114146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114146
İnan S (2022) Inorganic ion exchangers for strontium removal from radioactive waste: a review. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 331:1137–1154
Jang J, Miran W, Divine SD, Nawaz M, Shahzad A, Woo SH, Lee DS (2018) Rice straw-based biochar beads for the removal of radioactive strontium from aqueous solution. Sci Total Environ 615:698–707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.023
John Babu D, King P, Prasanna Kumar Y (2019) Optimization of Cu (II) biosorption onto sea urchin test using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks. Int J Environ Sci Technol 16:1885–1896. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1747-2
Kaçan E, Kütahyalı C (2012) Adsorption of strontium from aqueous solution using activated carbon produced from textile sewage sludges. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 97:149–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2012.06.006
Kaveeshwar AR, Kumar PS, Revellame ED, Gang DD, Zappi ME, Subramaniam R (2018) Adsorption properties and mechanism of barium (II) and strontium (II) removal from fracking wastewater using pecan shell based activated carbon. J Clean Prod 193:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.041
Khan AA, Mukherjee S, Mondal M, Sumalatha B, Subbaiah T, Halder G (2021) Assessment of algal biomass towards removal of Cr (VI) from tannery effluent: a sustainable approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16102-8
Long J, Li H, Jiang D, Luo D, Chen Y, Xia J, Chen D (2017) Biosorption of strontium (II) from aqueous solutions by Bacillus cereus isolated from strontium hyperaccumulator Andropogon gayanus. Process Saf Environ Prot 111:23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2017.06.010
Mahindrakar KV, Rathod VK (2018) Utilization of banana peels for removal of strontium (II) from water. Environ Technol Innov 11:371–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2018.06.015
Maroušek J (2014) Significant breakthrough in biochar cost reduction. Clean Technol Environ Policy 16:1821–1825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-014-0730-y
Mashkani SG, Ghazvini PTM (2009) Biotechnological potential of Azolla filiculoides for biosorption of Cs and Sr: application of micro-PIXE for measurement of biosorption. Bioresour Technol 100(6):1915–1921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.019
Mironyuk I, Tatarchuk T, Naushad M, Vasylyeva H, Mykytyn I (2019) Highly efficient adsorption of strontium ions by carbonated mesoporous TiO2. J Mol Liq 285:742–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.111
Momčilović MZ, Onjia AE, Trajković DN, Kostić MM, Milenković DD, Bojić DV, Bojić AL (2017) Experimental and modelling study on strontium removal from aqueous solutions by Lagenaria vulgaris biosorbent. J Mol Liq 258:335–344
Mulani K, Patil V, Chavan N, Donde K (2019) Adsorptive removal of strontium (II) using macroporous poly (AGE-co-EGDMA) beads modified with resorcin [4] arene. Bull Mater Sci 42(2):89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-019-1786-4
Nishiyama Y, Hanafusa T, Yamashita J, Yamamoto Y, Ono T (2016) Adsorption and removal of strontium in aqueous solution by synthetic hydroxyapatite. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 307(2):1279–1285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4228-9
Prajitno MY, Taufiqurrakhman M, Harbottle D, Hunter TN (2021) Kinetic studies of Cs+ and Sr2+ ion exchange using clinoptilolite in static columns and an agitated tubular reactor (ATR). Chem Eng 5(1):9. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5010009
Senturk I, Buyukgungor H, Geyikci F (2016) Biosorption of phenol from aqueous solutions by the Aspergillus niger biomass: comparison of linear and non-linear regression analysis. Desalin Water Treat 57(41):19529–19539. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1102088
Shin J, Lee YG, Kwak J, Kim S, Lee SH, Park Y, Lee SD, Chon K (2021) Adsorption of radioactive strontium by pristine and magnetic biochars derived from spent coffee grounds. J Environ Chem Eng 9(2):105119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105119
Sumalatha B, Babu DJ, Narayana AV, Ali Khan A (2020a) An assessment on removal performance of arsenic with treated Turbinaria vulgaris as an adsorbent: characterization, optimization, isotherm, and kinetics study. Environ Prog Sustain Energy 39(2):e13313. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.13313
Sumalatha B, Narayana AV, Babu DJ, Murthy CH, Reddy PR, Ali Khan A (2020b) Estimation of biosorption characteristics of chromium (VI) from aqueous and real tannery effluents by treated T. vulgaris: experimental assessment and statistical modelling. Int J Environ Anal Chem 1:1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2020.1789617
Sumalatha B, Babu DJ, Narayana AV, Dhananjaneyulu BV, Swamy NV, Subbaiah T (2021) Enhanced sequestration of synozol ds red onto treated Turbinria vulgaris from waste water: statistical optimization. J Inst Eng (india) D 102(2):355–365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-021-00271-4
Wallace SH, Shaw S, Morris K, Small JS, Fuller AJ, Burke IT (2012) Effect of groundwater pH and ionic strength on strontium sorption in aquifer sediments: implications for 90Sr mobility at contaminated nuclear sites. J Appl Geochem 27(8):1482–1491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.04.007
Wang S, Nam H, Nam H (2020) Preparation of activated carbon from peanut shell with KOH activation and its application for H2S adsorption in confined space. J Environ Chem Eng 8(2):103683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.103683
Xiao L, Feng L, Yuan G, Wei J (2020) Low-cost field production of biochars and their properties. Environ Geochem Health 42:1569–1578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00458-5
Yakout SM, Elsherif E (2015) Investigation of strontium (II) sorption kinetic and thermodynamic onto straw-derived biochar. Part Sci Technol 33(6):579–586. https://doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2015.1008712
Zhang X, Liu Y (2020) Ultrafast removal of radioactive strontium ions from contaminated water by nanostructured layered sodium vanadosilicate with high adsorption capacity and selectivity. J Hazard Mater 398:122907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122907
Zhang L, Wei J, Zhao X, Li F, Jiang F (2015) Adsorption characteristics of strontium on synthesized antimony silicate. Chem Eng J 277:378–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.04.145
Zhang M, Gu P, Yan S, Pan S, Dong L, Zhang G (2020) A novel nanomaterial and its new application for efficient radioactive strontium removal from tap water: KZTS-NS metal sulfide adsorbent versus CTA-F-MF process. Chem Eng Sci 391:123486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.123486
Acknowledgements
The authors are very much grateful to Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research for providing facilities to carry out the current research towards successful completion.
Funding
Not applicable.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
SB, JBD and AVN conceptualized, designed and wrote the manuscript. SRG and RRP helped in writing the manuscript. AAK and TCV revised the manuscript and also major contributors in writing the manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no competing of interests.
Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
Not applicable.
Consent for Publication
Not applicable.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Sumalatha, B., Narayana, A.V., Khan, A.A. et al. A Sustainable Green Approach for Efficient Capture of Strontium from Simulated Radioactive Wastewater Using Modified Biochar. Int J Environ Res 16, 75 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-022-00452-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-022-00452-3