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Stratigraphic, magmatic and structural features of Ordovician tectonics in Sardinia (Italy): a review

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Abstract

The Variscan Palaeozoic successions exposed in Sardinia show clear evidences of tectonic instability during Ordovician times. In the Foreland zone (SW Sardinia), the Cambrian to lower Ordovician strata are folded giving way to an angular unconformity sealed by a Middle-Upper Ordovician syn-tectonic succession, characterized at the base by a thick conglomeratic deposit. This is indicative of a tectonic-driven uplift, followed by intensive erosion. A time-equivalent angular unconformity, sealed by Middle Ordovician volcano-sedimentary complexes, is also recorded in the External nappe zone (central–southern Sardinia). These volcanic products became rare toward NE and approaching the Inner zone, where few remnants of Ordovician magmatic rocks consist of the protoliths of small bodies of calc-alkaline orthogneisses and metabasites. Paleogeographic reconstructions generally assume that Sardinia formed a coherent crustal block since the late Cambrian; therefore, the SW–NE trend of magmatic and sedimentary features observed in the Ordovician successions has been interpreted as sequential snapshots captured along an Ordovician volcanic arc. Stratigraphic and paleontological data, sediment provenance and petro-chronology of magmatic products indicate that the Ordovician successions could have belonged to different, and possibly far paleogeographic domains. These data suggest that the actual zonation of the Palaeozoic basement of Sardinia is a puzzle resulting from extensive crustal reworking and amalgamation in Variscan times. Hence it cannot be directly referred to an Ordovician paleogeography.

Resumen

La serie Varisca expuesta en Sardinia muestra claras evidencias de instabilidad tectonica durante el Ordovícico. En el ante-país (SW Cerdeña), las capas del Cambrico y Ordovícico estan deformadas y producen una discordancia angular sellada por una serie sin-tectónica del Ordovícico Medio-Superior que se caracteriza por una potente capa de conglomerados a su base. Esto indica un levantamiento tectonico seguido por intensa erosión. Otra discordancia angular de la misma edad que está sellada por una serie volcano-sedimentaria del Ordovícico Medio se encuentra en la zona de los cabalgamientos externos (la parte central y sur de Sardinia). Estos productos volcanicos son menos frequentes en las zonas mas internas hacia el NE donde los pocos restos magmaticos del Ordovícico estan representados por los protolitos de pequeños cuerpos de ortho-gneiss calc-alkalino y de metabasitas. Las reconstrucciones paleogeográfico normalmente asumen que Sardinia constituía un bloque de corteza coherente desde el Cámbrico superior, por lo tanto, el trend de cuerpos magmaticos y sedimentarios que se observan dentro del la serie del Ordovícico desde el SW hacia el NE se ha interpretado como una secuencia de instantaneas tomadas a lo largo de un arco volcanico Ordovícico. Los datos sedimentarios y paleontológico, la origen de los sedimentos y la cronología petrologica de los productos magmaticos indican que la serie del Ordovícico puede haber pertenecido a dominios paleontológico distintos y posiblemente lejanos. Estos datos sugieren que la Zonación del basamiento Paleozoico en Cerdeña es un puzzle que resulta de una amalgamación y reelaboración extensiva durante el Varisco y que por lo tanto no puede directamente relacionarse con una paleontológico del Ordovícico.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the reviewers Icaro Dias da Silva and Laura Gaggero for their helpful suggestions and to the guest editor Josep M. Casas for the management of the manuscript. This works also benefited from the discussions with the participants at the Ordovician Geodynamic meeting occurred in Figueres (Spain) in September 2017.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche e geologiche, Università degli studi di Cagliari, Via Trentino 51, 09127, Cagliari, Italy

    Fabrizio Cocco, Antonio Funedda & Alfredo Loi

  2. Dipartimento di chimica e farmacia, Università degli studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy

    Giacomo Oggiano & Leonardo Casini

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  1. Fabrizio Cocco
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  5. Leonardo Casini
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Correspondence to Antonio Funedda.

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Cocco, F., Oggiano, G., Funedda, A. et al. Stratigraphic, magmatic and structural features of Ordovician tectonics in Sardinia (Italy): a review. J Iber Geol 44, 619–639 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-018-0075-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-018-0075-1

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