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Geoinformatics based assessment of coastal multi-hazard vulnerability along the East Coast of India

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Abstract

Climate change is one of the major threatens that coastal areas facing, and these coastal areas already stressed by large population. Past 4 decades tremendous tropical cyclones and associated flood are dismantled the coastline and resulted inundation and displacement of the coastal landforms. In the present study, coastal multi hazard vulnerability mapping has been carried out along the Krishna–Godavari deltaic plain, eastern coast of India. The study area consisting of four district include East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna and Gundur which are the area affected by coastal hazards and climate variability. The area witnessed a high erosion rate up to 18 m/year in comparison to other regions in the state. Further this area exhibit low elevated topography, therefore sea level rise would lead to permanent inundation. In the study also identified about that 1147 sq km area is falling under multi hazard zone and around 102 coastal villages are under threat. This study revealed that the use of multi layer information combined with geospatial tools is most reliable and coast effective approach for disaster preparedness and adaptation. The result obtained from the present study may serve the baseline information for disaster management planning in the area.

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Notes

  1. Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. It refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity.

  2. Hazard is a potential source of harm or adverse health effect on a person or persons.

  3. Coastal zone is the interface between the land and water. These zones are important because a majority of the world's population inhabit such zones. Coastal zones are continually changing because of the dynamic interaction between the oceans and the land.

  4. On July 23, 1972 the first Landsat series satellite was launched and the most recent, Landsat 8, was launched on February 11, 2013. Landsat data has spatial resolutions ranging from 15 to 60 m.

  5. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) is a software extension to Esri ArcGIS that enables a user to calculate shoreline rate of change statistics from multiple historic shoreline positions.

  6. The Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) was established by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO in 1985 to establish a well-designed, high-quality in situ sea level observing network to support a broad research and operational user base.

  7. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is the digital representation of the land surface elevation with respect to any reference datum.

  8. ALOS PALSAR RTC products commenced October 2014 and was completed a year later. Data included in the RTC project are Fine Beam and Polarimetric scenes in all global land areas except Antarctica, Greenland, Iceland, and northern Eurasia.

  9. The Global Risk Data Platform allows the visualisation of data on natural hazards, exposure (both human and economical) and risk. Users may perform zooms, pan to a particular area, add different layers of general data including cities, national parks, etc. Different backgrounds can be chosen to highlight different components reflecting vulnerability, such as population distribution, GDP per capita, elevation, land cover. Layers of natural hazards can be added for both events and yearly average for tropical cyclones, droughts, earthquakes, biomass fires, floods, landslides and tsunamis.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank US Geological Survey, for the Landsat data, Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) for the sea level data and USGS for the making available the Digital Shoreline Analysis Software (DSAS) on their website. And also would like to acknowledge AVISO+ and Global Risk Data Platform (GRDP) for providing Satellite altimetry data and historical cyclone and storm surge data for the study.

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  1. Department of Land Resource Management, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835 205, India

    K. K. Basheer Ahammed & Arvind Chandra Pandey

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  1. K. K. Basheer Ahammed
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Correspondence to Arvind Chandra Pandey.

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Basheer Ahammed, K.K., Pandey, A.C. Geoinformatics based assessment of coastal multi-hazard vulnerability along the East Coast of India. Spat. Inf. Res. 27, 295–307 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41324-018-00236-y

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