Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Structure of the Zooplankton Community in Sıddıklı Küçükboğaz Dam Lake, Türkiye: The Importance of Environmental Factors

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Iranian Journal of Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The zooplankton fauna of Sıddıklı Küçükboğaz Dam Lake, located in Kırşehir city in Turkey, was researched as monthly between September 2015 and August 2016. A total of 24 major zooplankton species was determined. Zooplanktonic organisms were presented by three main groups: Rotifera (75%), Cladocera (21%) and Copepoda (4%). The minimum and maximum number of species were revealed in May (4 species) and April (12 species), respectively. Rotifera was the most abundant taxon dominated mainly by the species Keratella cochlearis, Polyarthra dolichoptera, Asplanchna priodonta and Synchaeta pectinata. Brachionus: Trichocerca quotient value of 1.00 was estimated. This result has clearly showed that the Sıddıklı Küçükboğaz Dam lake is oligotrophic. All species of Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda group are new records for this dam lake. The fundamental data of the Sıddıklı Küçükboğaz Dam Lake are provided, and the relationships between zooplankton and environmental parameters have researched in this study. Also, this study was supported by academic basics for monitoring a reservoir in Central Anatolia. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that all environmental indicators accounted for 34.1% total variance of zooplankton. Besides, RDA results demonstrated that zooplankton abundance is correlated with biological oxygen demand, water temperature, total suspended solid, ammonium and total ammonia nitrogen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adamczuk M, Mieczan T, Tarkowska-Kukuryk M, Demetraki-Paleolog A (2015) Rotatoria–Cladocera–Copepoda relations in the long-term monitoring of water quality in lakes with trophic variation (E. Poland). Environ Earth Sci 73:8189–8196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3977-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahangar IA, Mir MF, Saksena DN, Ahangar MA (2012) Zooplankton diversity of Anchar Lake with relation to trophic status, Srinagar, Kashmir. Glob J Env Res 6:17–21. https://doi.org/10.5829/idos.gier.2012.6.1.6293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akkan T, Yazıcıoğlu O, Yazıcı R, Yılmaz M (2018a) An Examination of ecological and statistical risk assessment of toxic metals in sediments at Sıddıklı Küçükboğaz Dam: a case study in Kırşehir, Turkey. Fresen Environ Bull 27:8104–8111

    Google Scholar 

  • Akkan T, Yazıcıoğlu O, Yazıcı R, Yılmaz M (2018b) Assessment of irrigation water quality of Turkey using multivariate statistical techniques and water quality index: Sıddıklı Dam Lake. Desalin Water Treat 115:261–270. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.22302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2011) Kırşehir il çevre durum raporu. Kırşehir Valiliği, Kırşehir, Türkiye

  • Apaydın Yağcı M, Yeğen V, Yağcı A, Uysal R (2013) A preliminary investigation on zooplankton species in some of the dam lakes in Central Anatolia (Kütahya–Eskişehir/Turkey). EgeJFAS 30(1):37–40. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2013.30.1.07

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Apaydın Yağcı M, Yağcı A, Bilgin F (2014) Study on composition and abundance of zooplankton assemblages in Eğirdir Lake (Isparta, Turkey). Iran J Fish Sci 13(4):834–855

    Google Scholar 

  • Apaydın Yağcı M, Yılmaz S, Yazıcıoğlu O, Polat N (2015) The zoplankton composition of Lake Ladik (Samsun, Turkey). Turk J Zool 39:652–659. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1312-54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Apaydın Yağcı M, Yeğen V, Yağcı A, Uysal R (2017) A preliminary study on zooplankton species in different aquatic habitats of Anatolia (Turkey). LimnoFish 3:45–50. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.277465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avvannavar SM, Shrihari S (2008) Evaluation of water quality index for drinking purposes for river Netravathi, Mangalore, South India. Environ Monit Assess 143:279–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aydın Uncumusaoğlu A, Mutlu E (2021) Water quality assessment in Karaboğaz stream basin (Turkey) from a multi-statistical perspective. Pol J Environ Stud 30:4747–4759

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekleyen A (2003) A taxonomical study on the zooplankton of Göksu Dam Lake (Diyarbakır). Turk J Zool 27:95–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Berzins B, Pejler B (1987) Rotifer occurrence in relation to pH. Hydrobiolgia 147:107–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bozkurt A, Akın Ş (2012) Zooplankton fauna of Yeşilırmak (between Tokat and Blacksea), Hasan Uğurlu and Suat Uğurlu Dam Lakes. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci 12:777–786. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v12_4_06

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bozkurt A, Kara B (2020) Zooplankton fauna of Demrek Dam Lake (Kırıkhan, Hatay). LimnoFish 6(3):189–200. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.755863

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bulut H (2018) A taxonomic study on zooplankton fauna of Kıgı Dam Lake (Bingol-Turkey). Süleyman Demirel Üniv Eğirdir Su Ür Fak Derg 14(2):74–79. https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.329124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bulut H, Saler S (2018) Seasonal variations in zooplankton community of an aquatic ecosystem at Susurluk basin (BalıkesirTurkey). Fresen Environ Bull 27(4):2530–2535

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulut H, Saler S (2020) Monthly distribution of zooplankton in Kapikaya resorvoir. Turkey Maejo Internat J Sci Technol 14(01):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Canfield TJ, Jones JR (1996) Zooplankton abundance, biomass, and size-distribution in selected midwestern waterbodies and relation with trophic state. J Fresh Ecol 11(2):171–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1996.9663476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Çelik K, Bozkurt A, Ongun Sevindik T (2019) Seasonal dynamics of the zooplankton community in the temperate eutrophic Çaygören Reservoir (Balıkesir), Turkey related to certain physicochemical parameters of water. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci 19(6):503–512. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v19_19_6_06

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cottenie K, Nuytten N, Michels E, Meester LD (2001) Zooplankton community structue and environmental conditions in a set of interconnected ponds. Hydrobiolgia 442:339–350. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017505619088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cune MC, Mefford MJ (2011) PC-ORD. Multivariate analysis of ecological data. Gleneden Beach, Oregon, U.S.A: Data Version 6. MjM Software Design

  • Dai LL, Gong YC, Li XM, Feng WS, Yu YH (2014) Influence of environmental factors on zooplankton assemblages in Bosten Lake, a large oligosaline lake in arid Northwestern China. Sci Asia 40:1–10. https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2014.40.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dorak Z, Köker L, Gaygusuz Ö, Gürevin C, Akçaalan R, Albay M (2019) Zooplankton biodiversity in resorvoirs of different geographical regions of Turkey: composition and distribution related with some environmental conditions. Aquat Sci Eng 34(1):29–38. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2019522326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dussart B (1967) Les copépodes des eaux continentales d’europe occidentale. Tome I. Calanoides et Harpacticoides. N. Boubee et cie, Paris

  • Dussart B (1969) Les copépodes des eaux continentales d’europe occidentale. Tome II. Cyclopoides et Biologie. N Boubee et cie, Paris

  • Ejsmont-Karabin J, Karabin A (2013) The suitability of zooplankton as lake ecosystem indicators: crustacean trophic state index. Pol J Ecol 61(3):561–573

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Bassat RA, Taylor WD (2007) The zooplankton community of Lake Abo Zaabal, a newly formed mining lake in Cairo. Egypt Afr J Aquat Sci 32:185–192. https://doi.org/10.2989/AJAS.2007.32.2.10.207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emir Akbulut N, Tavşanoğlu ÜN (2018) Impacts of environmental factors on zooplankton taxonomic diversity in coastal lagoons in Turkey. Turk J Zool 42:68–78. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1704-37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frutos SM, Neiff PD, Neiff JJ (2009) Zooplankton abundance and species diversity in two lakes with different trophic state (Corrientes, Argentina). Acta Limnol Bras 21(3):367–375

    Google Scholar 

  • García CE, Nandini S, Sarma SS (2009) Seasonal dynamics of zooplankton in Huetzalin, Xochimilco (Mexico city, Mexico). Limnol 39:283–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2009.06.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gökçe D, Özhan Turhan D (2014) Evaluation of vertical and horizontal changes in community structure of zooplankton in a deep dam lake. Turk J Zool 38(1):11–22. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1302-28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golmarvi D, Kapourchali MF, Moradi AM, Fatemi M, Nadoshan RM (2018) Study of zooplankton species structure and dominance in Anzali International Wetland. Open J Mar Sci 8:215–222. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2018.82011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Güher H, Demir Y (2018) Microcrustacea fauna (Crustacea: Cladocera, Copepoda) of Tunca River (Edirne) and their seasonal distribution. LimnoFish 4:75–84. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.363113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gündüz E, Saygı Y, Demirkalp FY, Çağlar SS, Atasağun S, Kılınç S (2013) Seasonal composition and population density of zooplankton in Lake Karaboğaz from the Kızılırmak Delta (Samsun, Turkey). Turk J Zool 37(5):544–553. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1301-14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gürbüzer P, Buyurgan Ö, Tekatlı Ç, Altındağ A (2017) Species diversity and community structure of zooplankton in three different types of water body within the Sakarya River Basin, Turkey. Turk J Zool 41(5):848–859. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1606-41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gürbüzer P, Tereshenko ET, Altındağ A, Akıska S (2019) Zooplankton fauna of Abant Lake: past and present. LimnoFish 5(1):41–46. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.448525

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haberman J (1996) Contemporary state of the zooplankton in Lake Peipsi. Hydrobiolgia 338:113–123. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00031715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haberman J (1998) Zooplankton of Lake Võrtsjärv. Limnolgica 28(1):49–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Imoobe TOT, Adeyinka ML (2009) Zooplankton-based assessment of the trophic state of a tropical forest river in Nigeria. Arch Biol Sci Belgrade 61(4):733–740. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS0904733I

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • İpek Alış N, Saler S (2016) Zooplankton fauna of Özlüce Dam Lake (Bingöl Turkey). BEU J Sci 5(1):86–90. https://doi.org/10.17798/beufen.11633

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeppesen E, Nõges P, Davidson TA, Haberman J, Nõges T, Blank K, Lauridsen TL, Søndergaard M, Sayer C, Laugaste R, Johansson LS, Bjerring R, Amsinck SL (2011) Zooplankton as indicators in lakes a plea for including zooplankton in the ecological quality assessment of lakes according to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Hydrobiolgia 676:270–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0831-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joniak T, Kuczyńska-Kippen N (2016) Habitat features and zooplankton community structure of oxbows in the limnophase: reference to transitional phase between flooding and stabilization. Limnetica 35(1):37–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaya M, Altındağ A (2007) Zooplankton fauna and seasonal changes of Gelingüllü Dam Lake (Yozgat, Turkey). Turk J Zool 31(4):347–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiefer F (1952) Freilebende Ruderfusskrebse (Crustacea, Copepoda) aus türkischen Binnengewassern. I Calanoida. İstanbul Üniv Fen Fak Hidrobiol Araş Enst Yayın 1:103–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiefer F (1955) Freilebende Ruderfusskrebse (Crustacea, Copepoda) aus türkischen Binnengewassern, Cyclopoida und Harpacticoida. İstanbul Üniv Fen Fak Hidrobiol Araş Enst Yayın 2:108–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Koste W (1978) Rotatoria, die rädertiere mitteleuropas ein bestimmungswerk, begründet von max voigt überordnung Monogononta. I Textband and II Textband. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, Stuttgart:

  • Legendre P, Legendre L (1998) Numerical ecology, 2nd English. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Lehtovaara A, Arvola L, Kestitalo J, Olin M, Rask M, Salonen K, Sarvala J, Tulonen T, Vuorenmaa J (2014) Responses of zooplankton to long-term environmental changes in a small boreal lake. Boreal Environ Res 19:97–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Li C, Feng W, Chen H, Li X, Song F, Guo W, Giesy JP, Sun F (2019) Temporal variation in zooplankton and phytoplankton community species composition and the affecting factors inlake Taihu-a large freshwater lake in China. Environ Pollut 245:1050–1057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maier G (1996) Copepod communities in lakes of varying trophic degree. Archiv Für Hydrobiol 136(4):455–465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molles MC (2002) Ecology, concepts and applications. Mc Graw-Hill Higher Education, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Mutlu E, Kutlu B (2017) Maruf Göleti’nin (Boyabat–Sinop) su kalitesinin belirlenmesi. Alınteri Zirai Bil Derg 32:81–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Negrea S (1983) Fauna republici socialiste Romania. Crustacea, Cladocera. Bucharest, Acedemia Rep. Soc. Romania, Romania

  • Nogrady T, Segers H (2002) Asplanchnidae, Gastropodidae, Lindiidae, Microcodidae, Synchaetidae, Trochosphaeridae and Filinia. In: Dumont HJ (ed) Guides to the identification of the microinvertebrates of the continental waters of the world. Backhuys Publishers, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Özdamar K (1997) In: Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi. Kaan Kitabevi Yayınları, Ankara-Türkiye

    Google Scholar 

  • Özdemir CD, Saygı Y, Gündüz E, Yıldız Demirkalp F, Karacaoğlu Ç (2021) Assessment of the zooplankton community structure of the coastal Uzungöl Lagoon (Kızılırmak Delta, Turkey) based on community indices and physicochemical parameters. Turk J Zool 45:33–45. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2006-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Segers H (2004) Rotifera: Monogononta. In: Yule CM, Yong HS (eds) Freshwater invertebrates of the Malaysian region. Academy of Sciences Malaysia and Monash University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, pp 112–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson EH (1949) Measurement of diversity. Nature 163:688

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Sládeček V (1983) Rotifers as indicators of water quality. Hydrobiol 100:169–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smirnov NN (1996) Guides to the identification of the microinvertebrates of the continental waters of the world. Cladocera: The Chydorinae and Sayciinae (Chydoridae) of the world. SPB Academic Publishers, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Soyer J (1970) Bionomie benthique du plateau continental de la côte catalane française. III. Les peuplements de Copépodes Harpacticoides. Vie Milieu Ser B Oceanogr 21:337–511

    Google Scholar 

  • Sukumaran PK, Das AK (2004) Distribution and abundance of rotifers in relation to water quality of some tropical reservoirs. Indian J Fish 51:295–301

    Google Scholar 

  • Tasevska O, Špoljar M, Gušeska D, Kostoski G, Patcheva S, Sarafiloska EV (2017) Zooplankton in ancient and oligotrophic Lake Ohrid (Europe) in association with environmental variables. Croat J Fish 75:95–103. https://doi.org/10.1515/cjf-2017-0013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tavşanoğlu ÜN, Emir Akbulut N (2019) Seasonal dynamics of riverine zooplankton functional groups in Turkey: Kocaçay Delta as a case study. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci 20(1):69–77. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v20_1_07

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teber Ç (2013) Sıddıklı Küçükboğaz Baraj Gölü(Kırşehir)’nde yaşayan kadife balığı(Tinca tinca L., 1758)’ nda ağır metal birikimi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Kırşehir, Türkiye

  • Tuna A, Ustaoğlu MR (2016) The Zooplankton fauna of Kemer Dam Lake (AydınTurkey). LimnoFish 2(2):95–106. https://doi.org/10.17216/LimnoFish-5000183782

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ünver E (2011) Sıddıklı küçükboğaz baraj gölü’nde yaşayan turna balığı (Esox lucius L., 1758)’nın beslenme rejimi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Kırşehir, Türkiye

  • Ustaoğlu MR (2004) A Check-list for zooplankton of Turkish inland waters. EgeJFAS 21(3–4):191–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Ustaoğlu MR (2015) An updated zooplankton biodiversity of Turkish inland waters. LimnoFish 1(3):151–159. https://doi.org/10.17216/LimnoFish-5000151941

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Ustaoğlu MR, Balık S, Özdemir Mis D (2004) The rotifer fauna of Lake Sazlıgöl (Menemen–İzmir). Turk J Zool 28:267–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Ustaoğlu MR, Altındağ A, Kaya M, Akbulut N, Bozkurt A, Özdemir Mis D, Atasagun S, Erdoğan S, Bekleyen A, Saler S, Okgerman H (2012) A checklist of Turkish Rotifers. Turk J Zool 36(5):607–622. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1110-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walkusz W, Kwasniewski S, Falk-Peterson S, Hop H, Tverberg V, Wieczorek P, Weslawski JM (2009) Seasonal and spatial changes in the zooplankton community of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polar Res 28:254–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2009.00107.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei W, Zhuang H, Zhang Y, Wang L (2019) Crustacean zooplankton community in relation to physicochemical factors and zooplankton of 13 waterbodies located in the Yangtze River delta. Ann Limnol-Int J Limnol 55:16. https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/2019016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yıldız Ş, Özgökçe MS, Özgökçe F, Karaca İ, Polat E (2010) Zooplankton composition of Van coastline in Turkey. Afr J Biotechnol 9(48):8248–8252. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yılmaz M, Ünver E (2014) Feeding dietary of pike Esox lucius L., 1758 inhabiting Sıdıklı Küçükboğaz DamLake. Karadeniz Fen Bil Derg 4:37–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao MM, Wang SM, Chen YP, Wu JH, Xue L-G, Fan TT (2020) Pollution status of the Yellow River tributaries in middle and lower reaches. Sci Tot Environ 722:137861

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This research did not receive any specific funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Sheep Breeding Research Institute, Bandırma, Balıkesir, Turkey

    Meral Apaydın Yağcı & Abdulkadir Yağcı

  2. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey

    Mahmut Yılmaz

  3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey

    Tamer Akkan

  4. Organic Farming Program, Botanic and Animal Production Department, Technical Vocational Schools of Higher Education, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey

    Okan Yazıcıoğlu

  5. Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Veterinary Department, Çiçekdağı Technical Vocational Schools of Higher Education, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey

    Ramazan Yazıcı

  6. Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey

    Serkan Gülsoy

Authors
  1. Meral Apaydın Yağcı
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mahmut Yılmaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tamer Akkan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Okan Yazıcıoğlu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ramazan Yazıcı
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Abdulkadir Yağcı
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Serkan Gülsoy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors have contributed equally in the planning, execution and analysis of this study.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Meral Apaydın Yağcı.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.

Human and Animal Rights

The zooplankton is an invertebrate. According to the National Animal Experiments Ethics Committee. legislation (https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/02/20140215-6.htm (as per article 4/d)), Ethics Committee approval certificate is not required for invertebrates. Therefore, Ethics Committee Certificate was not received at the beginning of the study.

Additional information

Biology J. Vatanparast.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Apaydın Yağcı, M., Yılmaz, M., Akkan, T. et al. Structure of the Zooplankton Community in Sıddıklı Küçükboğaz Dam Lake, Türkiye: The Importance of Environmental Factors. Iran J Sci 47, 719–732 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-023-01475-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-023-01475-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation