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Spatial and temporal variation of zooplankton assemblage in the mining-impacted stretch of Ganga River, Uttarakhand, India

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Abstract

The spatial and temporal variation in the distribution, abundance and assemblage structure of zooplankton were examined in a mining-impacted stretch of river Ganga. The collection of samples has been done from three different sampling zones such as Z1 (Chandi Bridge Ghat) as reference zone, Z2 (Shyampur), and Z3 (Bisanpur) as mining-intruded area from May 2017 to April 2018. During the analysis, twenty-eight species of zooplankton kindred to four groups mainly Rotifera (ten species), Protozoa (five species), Cladocera (eight species), and Copepoda (five species) were identified. In the course of analysis, it was observed that Rotifera were dominant (43.49 %) followed by Cladocera (19.58 %), Protozoa (18.31 %), and Copepoda (18.62 %). The results showed that the distribution and abundance of zooplankton fluctuated more at Z1 (reference zone) as compared with Z2 and Z3 (mining-intruded zones). The diversity indices also indicated the higher richness, abundance, and evenness of zooplankton ranging from 3.145 to 3.180 at Z1, 3.081 to 3.129 at Z2, and 3.130 to 3.175 at Z3. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed positive and negative correlation between the zooplankton and water quality of the river Ganga. The present study shows that the anthropogenic activities such as river bed mining disturbed the water quality through enhancing the turbidity and nutrients load in the aquatic system. However, these changes in water quality significantly affected the distribution and abundance of zooplankton.

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Abbreviations

WV:

water velocity

D:

mean depth

C:

conductivity

WT:

water temperature

TU:

turbidity

TDS:

total dissolved solids

DO:

dissolved oxygen

BOD:

biochemical oxygen demand

TH:

total hardness

A:

alkalinity

S:

salinity

mg/L:

milligram per liter

m:

meter

ppm:

parts per million

Aug:

August

Sep:

September

Oct:

October

Nov:

November

Dec:

December

Jan:

January

Feb:

February

Mar:

March

B1:

Asplanchna sp.

B2:

Atrochus sp.

B3:

Brachionus sp.

B4:

Cephalodella sp.

B5:

Colurella sp.

B6:

Conochilus sp.

B7:

Keratella sp.

B8:

Philodina sp.

B9:

Rotaria sp.

B10:

Trichocerca sp.

B11:

Arcella sp.

B12:

Vorticella sp.

B13:

Euglena sp.

B14:

Paramecium sp.

B15:

Zoothamnium sp.

B16:

Alona sp.

B17:

Alonella sp.

B18:

Chydorus sp.

B19:

Ceriodaphnia sp.

B20:

Daphnia sp.

B21:

Macrothrix sp.

B22:

Pleuroxus sp.

B23:

Simocephalus sp.

B24:

Phyllodiaptomus sp.

B25:

Mesocyclops sp.

B26:

Microcyclops sp.

B27:

Eucyclops sp.

B28:

Cyclops sp.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to pay their gratitude to Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, for providing the facilities for the research work.

Funding

This work is financially supported by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, through the INSPIRE program (Grant Number: IF160805).

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  1. Natural Resources and Watershed Management Lab, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, 249404, India

    Vishal Kamboj & Nitin Kamboj

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  1. Vishal Kamboj
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  2. Nitin Kamboj
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Correspondence to Nitin Kamboj.

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Kamboj, V., Kamboj, N. Spatial and temporal variation of zooplankton assemblage in the mining-impacted stretch of Ganga River, Uttarakhand, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 27135–27146 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09089-1

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